Assessing Primitive Bridge Strength

R_Lefebvre

Expedition Leader
Just thought I'd open a thread to discus how the experts assess primitive backcountry bridges. Last weekend I was doing some exploring around Quebec, and my trip brought me upon several old bridges in various states of disrepair. The first one I came across was fairly decent looking, but had a fair drop underneath it and no weight markings. I'm wary whenever I come upon a bridge that appears to have been constructed by an ATV or snowmobile club, but this one looked solid enough. I was a little concerned because there was a sign far back on this road saying bridge closed ahead.

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But I checked it out, steel girder construction, decking seemed decent. Crossed it no big deal.

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Next, I came upon the bridge that was actually closed.

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Looks great right? Well, it appears this bridge was recently replaced, and it must not have been the bridge guys responsibility to remove the signs, so they were waiting for the sign guy. I dunno, but the wood was already weathered, and the metal rusting. Anyway... Here's where it's interesting. It appeared like this bridge had been rebuilt once already. The original bridge had been redecked once, but now the pilings had started to collapse, and so they built a brand new bridge using much longer steel girders which spanned further than the old pilings.

But, let's say you came upon this bridge and it hadn't been rebuilt. Would you cross this? How would you determine if a bridge in such condition were suitable for crossing? What precautions to take?

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Continuing on, the bridges got worse and worse. I came upon this one which was not "closed" but in worse condition than the others, AND it had a 2t weight limit, while my truck weighs 3t.

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I checked under the bridge, it appeared to be constructed of two large logs, maybe 20" in diameter. Worst case if it failed, I figured the truck would flop over sideways into a shallow river. I instructed my passengers to unbuckle and be ready to get out. In hind sight, probably should have just had them exit? Anyway, made it across no problem. Of course, this begs the question about how to judge the weight ratings on bridges. How conservative are they? How would you then guess at the real rating now that it's weathered?

Finally, I came upon this mess.

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It looked even worse in person. Most of the wood was just piled into holes. I was concerned about some large nails sticking out of the main logs. I restacked some of the wood, and since the consequences should it collapse seemed relatively minor, I went for it. Again, no problem. But, would you cross this if it were over a deeper river, or longer span?
 

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Bcghosttowns

Adventurer
I would'nt have a problem crossing them without my camper.but with the added weight of the camper the last one looks a little sketchy.
This is a good post and i will be watching as i have seen some nasty bridges before and would usually get a run at them if i was nervous (duke style)
 

overlander

Expedition Leader
This is actually a military taught skill that is conducted by combat engineers and Cavalry scouts as part of their reponsibilities in assessing manueverability for combat vehicles. I'm not an engineer or a scout (I'm a tanker) but work directly with those SME's as part of ongoing military planning. This skill is important for the military in manuever in knowing (for the same reason) what routes are restricted to what weight limits and vehicles (particularly when it comes to heavy equipment like tanks, although with the M1 Abrams, might be tempted to also go duke style if it's important enough :smiley_drive:). Anyhow, my buddy who is our combat engineer planning officer (and Land Rover DI owner) would know this but he's in Kuwait, so I'll ask him when he gets back. Good news is most military manuals are available to the public, and this would be covered in a combat engineer skills manual. I'll report back at least a Field Manual reference on the subject soon. Good manual to have for expeditions, and great subject to bring up by the way.
 

R_Lefebvre

Expedition Leader
You know, it's funny, because I was telling my passengers "I bet the military has a real good manual on this, I need to find it." I also want to get the recovery rigging manual.

I had just finished reading Tom Collins Camel Trophy Prescout article in OJ before this little excursion, and when the locals told me there was a closed bridge on the route I wanted to take, I asked if I could just drive around the bridge and through the river instead.
 

dustboy

Explorer
Yeah, good thread. I'll be curious to see what you come up with.

Maybe if you just drive fast enough, you'll make it to the other side before it collapses, Indiana Jones style. :sombrero:
 

RHINO

Expedition Leader
this is a pretty cool topic. if i saw that first sign i'd be expecting a coffee shop around the corner,,, isnt that second sign posted in canadian tonnes, so really you could drive a peterbuilt across it right?
 

R_Lefebvre

Expedition Leader
No, we still do some things the old way, we still use regular old tons. And we haven't swtiched to the 100-hour metric clock yet either.
 

winkosmosis

Explorer
Wow.. there is a GIS manual in there


About the recovery manual, I linked to it in the thread about the hitch pins
 

overlander

Expedition Leader
I looked up the pertinent Army Field Manuals tonight for the posterity of the expo community. I know there is a manual that solely focuses on vehicle recovery operations, but I'll have to post it later when I find it. I'll ask one of our maintenance chiefs tomorrow.

1. FM 3-34.170 - Engineer Reconnaissance (has an entire section on hasty bridge assessments, but there's math involved.

2. FM 5-125 - RIGGING OPERATIONS (all you could possibly want to know about ropes, chains, knots, blocks, tackles, winches, anchors, guy lines, etc)

3. FM 21-305 - MANUAL FOR THE WHEELED VEHICLE DRIVER (now this is a good FM to have for vehicle dependent travel. covers all the basics for everything a driver should know, and it's free to all of you thanks to the freedom of information act. Here's an extract of the table of contents:

CHAPTER 1 - BASIC REGULATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
-Official Use Requirement
-Identification Card
-Qualification Record
-Authorization Form
-Driver Qualifications
-Driver Responsibilities
-Fuel Efficient Operation
CHAPTER 2 - TRAFFIC CONTROLS
-Traffic Controllers
-Signals
-Traffic Signals
-Traffic Signs
-Pavement Markings
CHAPTER 3 - SPEED CONTROL
-Stopping
-Avoiding Collisions
CHAPTER 4 - GOOD DRIVING PRACTICES
-Obeying the Rules of the Road
-Driving on the Right
-Handling Curves
-Using Selective Vision
-Turning Left
-Turning Right
-Abstaining from Alcohol and Other Drugs
-Resting
CHAPTER 5 - SAFE DISTANCES AND PASSING
-Managing Space
-Night Driving
-Passing
-Being Passed
CHAPTER 6 - INTERSECTIONS
-Intersections Without Traffic Controls
-Intersections With Traffic Controls
-Turns at Intersections
-Special Intersections
-Private Driveways
CHAPTER 7 - PEDESTRIANS, BICYCLISTS, AND ANIMALS
-Pedestrians
-Bicyclists
-Animals
CHAPTER 8 - OPERATING PRACTICES AND MANUEVERS
-Driving Practices
-Starting
-Steering and Turning
-Braking and Stopping
-Ground Guide Safety Procedures
-Backing
-Turning Around
-Parking
-Elements of Safe Driving
CHAPTER 9 - EMERGENCIES
-Blowouts
-Skids
-Running Off the Pavement
-Brake Failure
-Downhill Braking
-Less Serious Accidents
-Vehicle Fires
CHAPTER 10 - ACCIDENT CAUSES AND REPORTS
-Primary Causes of Accidents
-Procedure in Case of an Accident
-Precautionary Measures
-Preparation of Accident Forms
CHAPTER 11 - HAZARDS AND SAFETY MEASURES
-Night Driving
-Weather
-Seasonal Hazards
-Secondary Roads
-Smoking, Eating, and Drinking
-Overloading and Crowding
-School Buses
-Emergency Vehicles
-Breakdowns
-Safety
CHAPTER 12 - GRIDS AND STRIP MAPS
-Using the Military Grid Reference System
-Estimating the Distance
-Estimating the Time
-Recognizing Military Signs
-Using a Strip Map
CHAPTER 13 - OPERATING OF GOVERNMENT VEHICLES OFF POST/BASE
-Dispatcher's Responsibility
-Off Post/Base Driving Items and Equipment
-Off Post/Base Repair Service
CHAPTER 14 - PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTING PERSONNEL
-General Procedures
-Special Situations
CHAPTER 15 - MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITIES
-Preventive Maintenance
-Inspections
-Equipment and Maintenance Forms and Records
CHAPTER 16 - SPARK IGNITION AND COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES
-Spark Ignition Engines
-Compression Ignition Engines
CHAPTER 17 - MANUAL SHIFT AND AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
-Manual Shift Operation
-Automatic Transmission Operation
-Jump Starting Vehicles
CHAPTER 18 - TRUCKS, TRACTORS, SEMITRAILERS, AND SPECIAL-PURPOSE -VEHICLES
-Starting/Stopping the Tractor-Semitrailer
-Using the Engine Retarder (Jacobs Brake)
-Placing the Chock Blocks
-Coupling/Uncoupling the Tractor and Semitrailer
-Maneuvering the Tractor-Semitrailer
-Connecting and Disconnecting Pintle-Connected Trailer
-Loading Trucks and Semitrailers
-Operating Special-Purpose Vehicles
CHAPTER 19 - DANGEROUS/HAZARDOUS CARGO AND MATERIALS
-General Safety Measures
-Transporting Dangerous/Hazardous Cargo
-Transporting Hazardous Materials by Highway
-Detecting Fuel Leakage Occuring on a Public Highway
-Detecting Fuel Leakage Occuring Off the Road
-Using Safety Procedures
CHAPTER 20 - VEHICLE CAMOUFLAGE AND NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL, AND -CHEMICAL OPERATIONS
-Vehicle Camouflage Operations
-Operations Under Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Conditions
CHAPTER 21 - OFF-ROAD AND WINTER DRIVING
-Off-Road Driving
-Winter Driving
CHAPTER 22 - VEHICLE RECOVERY
-Recovery Procedure
-Towing Vehicles
-Anchoring Vehicles
-Winch Recovery
-Man Power Recovery
-A-Frame Recovery
-Field Expedients

CHAPTER 23 - NIGHT VISION GOGGLE DRIVING TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES AND OPERATIONS UNDER BLACKOUT CONDITIONS
-Night Vision Goggles
-Driving with Night Vision Goggles
-Training Programs
-Operations Under Blackout Conditions
CHAPTER 24 - MOTOR MARCHES AND CONVOYS
-Proper Speed and Gap
-Vehicle Failures
-Vehicle Halts
-Aircraft-Loading and Convoy Control Signals
-NATO Convoy Flags
 

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