LR4 Factory Locker Swap

A little while ago I started looking into adding a locker to the rear of my 2013 LR4, only to find there isnt anything aftermarket available. I knew that many of the LR4s came with a rear locker, and decided I would just swap in a factory locker to it. Surprisingly, there isn't much documented for how to perform the swap and whats needed. I read up on Treckins build and talked to him a little and am pretty sure I have 95% of it sorted. The last of the parts should be arriving this week and I'm just about set to start building out this setup.

I figured since I was unable to find much on it, I'll document most of it here and then attempt to put together a decent writeup at the end, hopefully making a one-stop-shop for anyone looking to do this in the future. More posts to come!
 
We bought our 2013 LR4 HSE about 5 months ago, bone stock, 99kmi. I come from the Toyota and Jeep world where crap mods are everywhere and the good things take a bit of digging to find, and had always loved the Discovery line. Starting with my Land Cruiser back in 2015 I really got behind ditching the hack-job mods and maintaining or improving OE condition of the vehicle as much as possible, which is why I like this locker swap project so much. A bunch of life choices later we sold the land cruiser, bought a JK rubicon, sold that in less than a year (its not like I remembered back in the day) and have happily come to the LR family.

A few weeks ago we finally got to take the LR4 out on a overnight 4x4 trip. It did well, though I am honestly not the biggest fan of the electronic variable transfer case. We were on some larger broken rock for the majority of the trip, and some of the hill climbs where the rock was loose, the LR got a little slippy. 18" wheels and better tires would drastically help that, but I didn't feel like dropping $3k for that just yet. I started looking into the locker and was pretty sure I could do it for about $500-$700, if I could figure out the electronics.

So, to the meat of it.

First, IMO, you really need to understand the system to know what you're actually doing. The LR4 workshop manual is amazingly detailed, and includes Concept of Operations on most systems (which is a treat!)

ConOps for the locker:
LR4_Diff_Lcoker.png
The electronic rear differential has the same functionality as the open rear differential but incorporates a locking feature. An electronically controlled multi-plate clutch provides a rear differential lock and torque biasing function to give improved traction performance and vehicle dynamic stability. A strategy to electronically control the rear differential multi-plate clutch assembly, has been developed to provide:
  • a pre-loading function, increasing locking torque with increased driving torque
  • a slip controller to increase locking torque under off-road conditions and decrease locking-torque for optimum comfort, for example when parking the vehicle.
The unit receives a torque input from the transfer box output-shaft, which is passed through the unit to two outputs for the rear drive halfshafts. The unit detects wheel-slip via various vehicle system inputs to the differential locking module and locks the differential accordingly.

The multi-plate clutch assembly for both centre (transfer box) and electronic rear differentials act in a similar way. The aim of the multi-plate clutch assembly is to prevent excessive differential slip and therefore maximize the traction performance of the vehicle. This is fundamentally different from the 'braked' traction control, which can only counter act differential slip when it occurs.

A certain amount of differential slip is required to allow the vehicle to turn corners and to remain stable under control of the ABS (anti-lock brake system). The transfer box control module monitors the driver's demands through primary vehicle controls and automatically sets the slip torque at the rear differential via the differential locking module. The system is completely automatic and does not require any special driver input.

The multi-plate clutch assembly actively controls the torque flow through the rear differential and optimizes the torque distribution in the driveline. The clutch assembly biases the torque from the differential to the wheels with the higher grip and prevents the wheels with the lower grip from spinning.

By turning the input actuator disc, via the motor shaft, the output actuator is rotated. This movement acts on 5 balls in a ramp mechanism between the input and output actuators and gives a defined axial movement. The movement forces the pressure disc to induce friction between the sun gear and differential case via the clutch plates supported by the sun gear and the plates supported by the clutch basket on the differential case. This frictional force inhibits the differential rotation; the differential case and left hand differential side gear are locked together.


ConOps for the Differential Locking Module
LR4_DLCU.png
The differential locking module controls the multi-plate clutch actuation. The locking module is mounted on a bracket located on the LH C-pillar, behind the trim. The module is connected on the high-speed CAN (controller area network)bus and controls the differential operation using CAN messages from other control modules on the network. The module uses three connectors for all inputs and outputs. It receives a permanent power supply from the EJB (engine junction box), and an ignition supply from the CJB (central junction box). The module memorizes the position of the differential actuator motor when the engine is switched off. The locking module controls the closed-loop position sensing system within the motor and regulates the power supply to the motor.

If any of following components are replaced:

  • differential locking module
  • differential actuator motor
  • differential assembly.
An approved diagnostic system must be connected to the vehicle and the differential locking module self-calibration procedure performed.

If a fault occurs with the electronic differential, the locking module or one of the required input signals, for example; road speed signal, the locking module records an error code and a warning lamp, in the instrument cluster, illuminates permanently.

CAN Bus Messages

The high-speed CAN is a broadcast network connected between various vehicle control modules. It allows the fast exchange of data between control modules every few microseconds. The differential locking module is connected on the high-speed CAN bus, via the transfer box control module, and controls differential operation using CAN messages from other control units on the network. Wheel speed, steering angle, automatic transmission speed, temperature information, vehicle configuration, axle ratios and mode inputs, are some of the main signals received by the locking module. The locking module also sends messages via the CAN bus to tell other control modules on the network, the status of the electronic rear differential. The clutch torque and default mode status are some of the main signals sent out by the locking module.
 
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The ConOps makes things pretty clear. The next big part is obviously the wiring. Unfortunately, if you don't have the stock rear locker, you also don't have the wiring for the stock rear locker. So this is a large part of the project - finding/making all the harnessing.

You can find the wire diagrams in some of the pirated service manuals. I ended up getting a single day subscription to Topix, and wow is there a lot more in there. All wiring for the LR4 is extensively documented and its so nice to see and have access to. You can not only get the diagrams which have the wire size, length, and to/from, but you can also get the connector information including wiring pinouts, positions, part numbers, etc etc, which is a life saver.

LR4s aren't super common (obviously), so instead of trying to hack out the required harnessing from a totaled vehicle, I decided I'll try to make my own harness.

The wire diagram for the locker is broken out into three basic diagrams: the rear diff control module to rear diff actuator and temp sensor, power to the rear diff control module, and CAN connection to the rear diff control module.
LR4_DFCU-DIFF.png
LR4_DLCU_PWR.png
LR4_DIFF_CAN.png

When I got the TOPIX subscription, I was also able to download all the datasheets for each connector listed in the diagram. The data sheets provided the pinouts as I had mentioned along with part numbers (if it was 'serviceable'), and it also provided wire repair information. For most of the connectors, you can get pre-terminated contacts that you can add into the connectors. This allows you to essentially add wiring exactly as though it was factory. The catch is some of them are stupid expensive, we're talking $100 for a pack of 10 contacts. So, as much as I like to maintain things as factory as possible, there are a few things I am not going to do:
  • I'm not going to try to pin into the factory fuse box. A: the pin costs are dumb. B: its behind the glove box, where the diff control module is on the driver side rear quarter panel, so wiring to that seems like a nightmare.
  • Since i'm not pinning into the fuse box, I'm also not going to pin into the engine junction box.
  • I'm going to bypass the connector between the diff control module and the diff itself. Again, the cost of those pins is crazy.
To get around these issues, I bought a new power distribution box to put in the engine bay. Just a simple bussmann style box that accepts relays and fuses. It will be more then enough to support the power needs of this project, and provide some slots for future projects. I'll have to figure out how to bypass the connector between the diff and the diff control module once I'm in there. I'm not too concerned with that part.

That just leaves the connectors to the rear diff and the connectors to the ECU.

The ECU connectors were the easy ones. I was able to get some part numbers from Truckin's post and found them commercially available. The connectors for the diff however are much harder. I couldn't get any useful part numbers from the actuator connector, which is kinda the most important, and ran into dead ends when trying to source just the connector. I decided I'm going to solder wire directly to the diff pins and add in a new connector that I can source. I deal with a lot of D38999 connectors in my life, so I opted for some of those, which will require a custom bracket to mount them on, which shouldn't be a big deal. I'll also get that figured out once the new diff arrives. I'll also need a connection to the power distribution panel to keep things modular and easy, but this one just sits in the engine bay so something less 'stout' then a D38999 is fine. I found some great looking AT family Amphenol connectors to use. We'll get back to connectors later though.

With all these changes I drew up a new wire diagram. I cannot stress this enough - DRAW WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO DO. You're life will be much easier when your doing it. Obviously if you're doing this yourself, pick whatever connectors will work for you. D38999s are expensive.
LR4_New_Diagram.png
 
Last part of the wiring is the connector pinout info. Its only part of the story knowing what size and length of wire goes between two units, the other part is knowing which pins that wire needs to be connecting.

On the wire diagrams, you see text above each wire such as Y,0.5D,1095. This is color, cross sectional area (in mm^2), and length (in mm). Colors are easy, there is a color chart in the wiring information section on Topix.
1598458297556.png

There are only a few cross sectional area sizes used in this: 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0. These kinda correlate to AWG sizing. When in doubt, I rounded up. This left me with 20awg, 16awg, 12awg, 10awg.

Connector and pinout info for the diff control module below. CAV is essentially the position of the pin. You can also find the pre-terminated lead numbers in here.
1598458476190.png
1598458483034.png
1598458496633.png

The infamous diff connectors:
1598458525736.png
1598458530116.png

Lastly, the pinouts for the connectors I am adding in. The reason for using multiple connectors at each connection is for wire sizing. For instance, the ATP connector accepts 10-14awg wires, while the AT connecto accepts 14-20awg wires.
1598458578666.png
 
Ok, last part for now - and probably the part most people will be interested in, the parts list! I'll keep it simplified for now and put a more detailed one in a writeup later.

Note that I do not guarantee the part numbers are right. I did a lot of research in them and think they're the correct ones for my 2013 with the 5.0L. Check dealer parts sites, do your own research. All the connectors you can buy at a site like DigiKey. The diff ECU connectors are crazy cheap, like $1.

PartPart NoQtyNotes
Locking Differential, RearLR0173221I was able to find this, used, ~105kmi on it, with the locking actuator for about $170 on eBay from a salvage yard
Differential Locking Control ModuleCPLA-4C118-A1The part number on these ranges, a lot. The same CHASSIS of ECU is used on a lot of Jaguars and many Range Rovers. Another number, 9W83-4C118-BA, seems nearly identical. I have no idea what the differences are: software, firmware, pinouts, etc. To play it safe, I got this one from a totaled 2013 LR4
Power distribution box, junction block, and mounting bracketseBay
WiringLotsYou need lots of wiring. There are some good sites to order specific wire gauge/colors from. I use 4RCustomWire and they are great.
Power Distribution Box connectorsATP4PS-KIT
AT12PS-KIT
1/ea
New Disconnect at DifferentialD38999/26FE6SN
D38999/20FE6PN
D38999/26FC98SA
D38999/20FC98PA

Optional backshells for above connectors:
M85049/38-13N
M85049/28-17N0
1/eaPricey, but worth it
Diff ECU Connectors1-967623-1 (15 POS connector, purple)
1-967621-1 (9 POS connector, yellow)
2-967624-1 (18 POS connector, grey)
1/ea
Sockets (for above diff connectors)927774-3 (20-24ga)
927766-3 (13-17ga)
20+/ea
Misc hardware for mounting things
 
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soflorovers

Well-known member
A little while ago I started looking into adding a locker to the rear of my 2013 LR4, only to find there isnt anything aftermarket available. I knew that many of the LR4s came with a rear locker, and decided I would just swap in a factory locker to it. Surprisingly, there isn't much documented for how to perform the swap and whats needed. I read up on Treckins build and talked to him a little and am pretty sure I have 95% of it sorted. The last of the parts should be arriving this week and I'm just about set to start building out this setup.

I figured since I was unable to find much on it, I'll document most of it here and then attempt to put together a decent writeup at the end, hopefully making a one-stop-shop for anyone looking to do this in the future. More posts to come!

Doesn't ARB do air lockers for both the front and rear? I know it requires aux air, but a review of your thread has told me that it's a simpler/more convenient solution than retrofitting and wiring. That said, this is a great write up and should be made a "sticky" considering how often this very topic comes up in conversation. This thread has made me realize just how grateful I am for my factory locker :ROFLMAO:.
 
Doesn't ARB do air lockers for both the front and rear? I know it requires aux air, but a review of your thread has told me that it's a simpler/more convenient solution than retrofitting and wiring. That said, this is a great write up and should be made a "sticky" considering how often this very topic comes up in conversation. This thread has made me realize just how grateful I am for my factory locker :ROFLMAO:.
I read mixed reviews. Some said it only fits the LR3, some reported LR3/LR4. I never found anything saying "YES, this for sure fits into a LR4!" I read that the axle spline count might be different, and I read others saying the housing clearances on the LR4 couldn't fit the locker. I toyed with going down that route, and I do like ARB, but in the end it would also be 2-3x more expensive once its all installed and plumbed. You get nice tradeoffs, like it not being a reactionary device and not computer controlled, but I was secretly looking for some project to consume a month of my life :)
 

Howski

Well-known member
This will be fun to follow and I wish you the best of luck. I’ve got to ask - are you an electrical engineer? You seem pretty comfortable and organized in taking on this task!
 

garrycol

Member
It is easy to put an ARB air locker in the rear and the front - the front goes straight in. In the rear you need to swap out the LR4 diff with the LR3 diff (it goes straight in) and put in the LR3 ARB air locker - easy peasy.

Also if you go to the UK Disco3 forum there is plenty on putting the genuine LR locker in - all the documentation is there so look outside the US bubble.
 
It is easy to put an ARB air locker in the rear and the front - the front goes straight in. In the rear you need to swap out the LR4 diff with the LR3 diff (it goes straight in) and put in the LR3 ARB air locker - easy peasy.

Also if you go to the UK Disco3 forum there is plenty on putting the genuine LR locker in - all the documentation is there so look outside the US bubble.

Ah the rear end swap isn't a bad way to go, good suggestion. I know the front is direct in the LR4, but didn't think about swapping the rear diff to the LR3. That's a good idea, though I'm still after the factory swap, mainly due to the cost and the project aspect of it all. (Though I may put this in my back pocket in case this LR4 locker isn't all I want it to be).

And yes, I've read up on some of the LR3 locker swaps, which seems more common than the LR4 locker swap. They as well have some good info, though bring different generations I wouldn't rely on them for building out any harnessing which is a large part of it all.
 
This will be fun to follow and I wish you the best of luck. I’ve got to ask - are you an electrical engineer? You seem pretty comfortable and organized in taking on this task!
Close. Avionics hardware mechanical engineer. As long as I don't run into any stupid software issues, I'm...I dunno...85% confident on it....maybe
 

garrycol

Member
Ah the rear end swap isn't a bad way to go, good suggestion. I know the front is direct in the LR4, but didn't think about swapping the rear diff to the LR3. That's a good idea, though I'm still after the factory swap, mainly due to the cost and the project aspect of it all. (Though I may put this in my back pocket in case this LR4 locker isn't all I want it to be).

And yes, I've read up on some of the LR3 locker swaps, which seems more common than the LR4 locker swap. They as well have some good info, though bring different generations I wouldn't rely on them for building out any harnessing which is a large part of it all.

Look up this link for the ARB experience in a LR4 - https://www.disco3.co.uk/forum/arb-...long-time-no-update-189750.html?highlight=ARB - but you are correct once you have the bits changing to the LR rear diff lock and then getting it programmed in is a good way to go but you do loose the ability to manually control it like the ARB.
 

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