In a limited slip full time 4wd setup (without modern traction control, etc) power will be sent to the tires with the least traction (power takes the path of least resistance), the limited slip mechanism will try to overcome and stop that, but if the rear tires were on slippery clay but the front had great traction, the open center (a limited slip is still technically, an open diff) the power might have all gone to the rear (especially if something is worn out in the Limited slip, or it's a torque multiplying setup, remember in a torque multiplying setup, 0 x anything is still 0, so if the torque multiplier is setup to multiply torque to one side of the diff 3 times, but the traction is 0, 0 x 3=0), when you engaged 4wd, that might have actually been locking the center diff, and thus power was distributed evenly front/rear. Modern vehicles with full time 4wd and open or limited slip centers can get away without a locking center by using traction control and braking the wheels with no traction, sending the power to the wheels with grip. Limited slip is designed to do exactly that, "limit" the slip, by using spools, cones, cam and prawl, clutches, or torque sensing (such as) torsen setup, but in my experience that doesn't always work in the real world. Sometimes, you still gotta lock that diff. (My daily driver is full time 4wd, open center with locking function for what it's worth)
You could PM me or post up your VIN, and perhaps we could get to the bottom of the mystery. Maybe. I usually stick to Unimogs but I'd give a go at a 917 decode for fun.
Here's the drive portion from a 917AF for instance, you can see the shift dog (item 122) that engages front drive (ie, locks the center diff, I think). This might not be the case for your 917, this is just a random one I brought up in the EPC to see what's inside it's transfer case (again, might not be the same as yours)
you can see the sun gear (152) and planetary carrier (131) as well Annulus (155) for the rear drive. Someone smarter than me will have to comment on whether or not that's full time or part time 4wd. To me that looks like full time 4wd with a locking center diff to engage the front for offroad conditions. But again, someone smarter than me will have to say for sure.
Either way, IF your VIN brings up the data card in the EPC (again, I've never run a Ma Benz truck but I'd give it a shot) it should tell you for sure, as example:
Only reason to have a limited slip center is if it's full time 4wd. In this example.