Stryder,
Pictures like Joseph's Jeep picture that show a lot of detail in the milky way, have a quite a bit of processing. And, correct me if I'm wrong Joseph, but I would expect something like that uses StarStax or image averaging on the sky with a separately exposed foreground stitched in?
Hopeless Diamond's first shot is very much like what I would expect to see straight out of the camera. Processing on something like that would involve correcting chromatic aberration (see the stars that are stretched at the right and left parts of the picture?), some color temperature adjustment (for whatever reason, even when using the correct white balance, raw astros come out brown), noise reduction, and I would clone out some of the stray foreground objects that I assume got lit up by a flashlight. That said, I believe that was taken sometime out of the milky way season as we're seeing the dimmer end of the spiral arm. There's very little more that can be done on something like that and it'll never look like Joseph's Jeep picture because the subject isn't there. Also, I believe Joseph's picture is a stack of many pictures (doing that reduces background noise and brings a lot more detail out of the milky way.)
Unfortunately, Astro is one of those things that requires planning, equipment and software. There's actually very little "skill" involved, IMHO.
Regarding photo editors, check out Tony Northrups guide to free photo editors:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWC-SAuYOzw
It is worth noting that even something so tamely edited as my panorama shot of Fort Rock (which has the edits I suggested to Hopeless Diamond's shot), is not really something you can see with the naked eye. That area is one of the darkest areas you can possibly be in, I was there when there was no moon, no clouds and it was insanely cold (cold = still air with little distortion). It was my first time shooting astro admittedly, and I didn't even realize I was shooting the milky way until it came out of my camera. Once you know it's there, you can kind of see some of the detail, but nothing like what a 1600 iso 30 second exposure will reveal even without editing. Astro is more of an art-form to create a beautiful representation of what is there, rather than necessarily recreating what you can see with the naked eye.
Also, always shoot in RAW with in-camera noise reduction turned off for Astro. The extra detail you get out of your sensor shooting RAW as opposed to JPEG is insane.