With the bolt out I was able to retap the rear most hole to 5/16 and get the slider back on last night. I sill may later drill out the rear hole and Install a larger Nutsert, but this will work for now.
How many were broken and/or stripped? If it's just one, I wouldn't mess anymore with it after you clean up the threads with the tap. Keep in mind, if those are stainless (I can't tell) they are much more brittle than Grade 8 bolts. Stainless obviously has a better corrosion prevention but not the strength so there is a tradeoff only you can decide.
Add some blue Loctite on install and apply a sufficient amount of torque and leave it. 5/16" general bolt is gonna be around 110-150 in/lb or so depending on thread pitch and construct. Not saying you need a torque wrench for every bolt, but sometimes we forget that tighter is not always better. If you run this bolt back in and it holds torque to spec, leave it!
Here's a good general hardware chart! I use an aviation one but this one will get you in the ballpark for all your hardware needs but if you want a specific metric one, let me know and I'll post it up when I get home. You can convert the size from standard to metric to get you in the ballpark.
Sucks they snapped your bolts off but it's great to hear you were able to fix the issue.