I think it's called a dashpot, part of the smog system.
The throttle dashpot is a small device by the throttle body that holds the throttle open just a bit while there is a high vacuum in the intake manifold (under deceleration). The purpose of this is to allow extra air into the motor and provide a nice smooth (and lean) transition from a high RPM back to idle. Any time you adjust the idle speed or any part of the throttle body you should check that the dashpot is adjusted within the specifications in the service manual. On early model MkI cars there is a hose that runs to the back of the dashpot.
To test the dashpot open the throttle and then pinch the hose closed. Release the throttle and check that it does not close fully against the throttle stop untill you release the hose. On later model MkI cars there is no hose and you must remove the cap and filter on the back of the dashpot and then plug the vent hole with your finger.
The dashpot is adjusted by loosening the locknut on the body and then rotating the dashpot in or out. The car should run at about 1800 RPM when the dashpot is extended and drop back to idle in about 5 seconds after you release the dashpot pressure. If the dahspot is not functioning, you may fail CO or HC idle tests in areas that perform deceleration (high speed to idle transition while gas is being sampled) tests.