The Build - Electrical
For those of you considering a Kamparoo or equivalent, this section may not interest you. I intend to follow up with a post on functionality so hang in there.
This is where I started meddling with the Kamparoo and you can blame it on Goal Zero. I haven't been so immediately enamoured by a product since I was suckered in by that Handi Bundler info-mercial 10 - 15 years ago, but when I first laid eyes on the Goal Zero Extreme 350 (
http://www.goalzero.com/shop/p/64/Extreme-Adventure-Kit) I was absolutely corrupted by the power I could easily add to the Kamparoo. I included the link above to the Extreme 350 in order to make up for the fact that, in the end, I chose to assemble my own system. Sorry Goal Zero. I still think you have the coolest stuff on the market.
I got so excited about solar panels and storage batteries that before I came up for air, I had digested enough information from the internet to decide that I could assemble more storage for the cost than I could buy pre packaged. Now, in all fairness, in the process I have learned that I couldn't do this as cheaply as I had expected and I've made a number of mistakes (some of which I still need to correct) but even if it were all stolen or taken out in the aforementioned thermo-nuclear blast, I would still assemble my own replacement system. Still, I find myself visiting Goal Zero's website and drooling over their ads in Overland Journal. Now I'm drooling over the Goal Zero Yeti and I might have succomb to the urge if I thought I could lift the thing.
At the heart of my decision to build my own system is probably my biggest mistake as well. It is the batteries. Somewhere early on I read that for overlanding one should use a sealed battery but in most of my reading about solar I kept seeing one name pop up, Trojan T-105. The Trojan T-105 is 6v lead-acid wet cell golf cart battery with a whopping 225 amp-hours of capacity. I ended up dropping about $300 for two T-105s, put them in a Norco dual 6v battery box and strapped it to the storage tray on the top of the Kamperoo kitchen box.
The storage capacity of the T-105s is amazing. We just completed our 3rd shakedown trip with the Kamparoo to a state park and camped in the section without hook-ups. We were pretty frivolous with the lights and fan and over a two night camping trip expended about 15% of the 225 amp-hours of power storage. A little over a day after the trip I measured the static voltage of the batteries at 12.55 volts and the average specific gravity of the electrolyte at 1.244. That means that with the setup we have we can essentially use all the power we want and not have to think about charging the batteries for about 6 days which is about how long it would take to draw the T-105s down to 50% of full capacity. It also suggests that with a 12v fridge I'd still have about 3 full days until my batteries are at 50% depletion. I've measured most of my loads and my calculations suggest I shouldn't be doing quite this well but since the voltage and the specific gravity agree I think I have the depletion about right.
The mistake I made with the T-105s is that they are wet cell batteries. Before the Kamparaoo arrived, we did a camping trip off the Old Ore Road in Big Bend National Park and I took my 2 T-105s along in my Norco battery box and with an inverter in the back of my pickup for a test run. The batteries performed wonderfully, again exceeding my power capacity calculations, but in running up and down the Old Ore Road and in some steep driving situations outside the park, I splashed a few teaspoons of acid out each of the cells and into the battery box. THANK YOU NORCO for protecting my pickup. Obviously, wet cell batteries are not the ticket for the backcountry. I neutralized the acid with baking soda and cleaned up the batteries and the box, added back a few teaspoons of electrolyte and everything appears to be working well but someday, I'll have to change out the batteries. The white haze you see in the picture of the batteries is the baking soda that I didn't get all washed off.
I think it would be great to someday add a solar panel but with six days of capacity in the batteries it doesn't make sense for me right now so I installed a charger/converter from IOTA, the DLS-55 with built-in IQ4. I'm pretty sure this charger is oversized for my batteries but I read a book on the topic that recommended sizing your charger by dividing the amp-hour capacity of your batteries by 4 which would be just about right for the DLS-55 (55 peak charging amps). I later found where Trojan recommends charging at a rate of 10% - 13% of the amp-hour rating of your batteries. That would have led me to save a few dollars and go with the DLS-35. Hopefully, it won't hurt my batteries since the DLS-55 doesn't stay at 55 amps for long. I also added a 60 amp breaker at the charger. This is all connected to the battery with 6 ga wires which are probably a little undersized but the distance is very short so hopefully, it won't be much of an issue.
Please disregard the hammer. It is not related to the electrical system unless things begin to act up. All of this is installed in the end of the kitchen box and the wires pass through liquid tight grommets on the back of the kitchen box. I had to do a little work with a dremel tool in an awkward position to maintain the seal of the liquid tight grommets but in the end I was quite pleased.
I wanted to be able to keep the kitchen box watertight which meant finding a way to plug in the charger at a campground with hookups without leaving the door open. Marinco sells a charger inlet for boats that accepts a common extension cord. (
http://www.marinco.com/product/15a-125v-board-charger-inlet-black). I like this better than some of the inlets with dedicated cords as a replacement will always be as close as a hardware store. It is designed for you to cut the plug off your charger and wire to the inlet. I preferred to get a short extension cord and cut the female end off with about a foot of wire and wire that. I cut a hole in the aluminum diamond plate of the kitchen box with a bimetal hole saw, did a little flatening around the hole with a dremel tool and installed the charger inlet.
I drop an extension cord from the ceiling of my garage which is in place to plug in to the charger when I return home to keep the battery charged and maintained for my next trip.
At the top of the picture above of the batteries, you'll notice a grey connector on the end of the cables. That is an Anderson connector. In transit this connector is stowed inside the battery box with the batteries. The other end I tuck inside the Kamparoo when I close it up. Since the connection is broken, I know that I'm not getting a power drain into the camper and I don't have to worry about a fire. When I open up the camper, I pull out a section of cable, plug it into the battery box leaving drip loop and I'm ready to glamp.
Inside the camper, I've run 6 ga (probably undersized I now realize) cabel to a convenient location where I have a 100 amp (probably oversize I now realize) master to a blue sea fuse block. From the fuse I have runs to strategically placed cigarette lighter outlets and some interior lights. I also pass to an 800 watt inverter (probably oversized I now realize).
I have since also added a master fuse at the positive battery terminal which should theoretically make the breaker in the camper redundant but I use the breaker in the camper as a master switch to cut off any phantom loads when we're away.
Underneath the inverter in the picture above is a dimmer switch. This dimmer controls 3 strips of LED lighting I have placed along the interior tent support tubing.
If people are relaxing in the camper and reading or playing a game, they can crank up the lights but in the evening when we are going in and out, I leave the lights very dim to extend battery life. Also, if we need a little light in the middle of the night to find a pair of shoes for a potty trip, we can get just a little light without waking eveyone up.
There are only a couple more topics I want to post about: 1) Functionality and 2) Enabling gear I have found useful. I'll post those later.