In the manual I found online:
http://www.jyinverter.com/upload/file/2016-01/20160113101243-0346-57540.pdf
(Which may or may not actually be the correct manual...but seems pretty close...)
Under the section "Troubleshooting", the last entry in the table says:
"Other phenomena
Check the wiring whether is tight or not, and the automatic identification of 12V/24V system is correct or not."
But it doesn't say how to check that.
Further down though, at the bottom of the next to the last page below the table that describes the voltages and whatnot, it does say:
"*Parameters may customized by customers."
So there must be a way to diddle the buttons and mess around with the programming to see if it's gotten stuck in 24v mode.
99% of all charge controllers I have seen, specify that the battery must be hooked up first. That way the charge controller can power up (it runs off battery power), then detect the battery voltage before having to deal with the solar.
I don't see anything about that in the manual I'm looking at, but I bet it's the same.
So one wild-assed guess would be: If you hooked the solar up to the charge controller first and then to the battery, maybe when it saw 18v from the solar it got fooled into 24v mode.