Spray foam will fill every crevice and bond to whatever it is prayed on adding structural strength. Cutting rigid foam will leave gaps.
Cover the foam with thin plywood.
Instead of trying to make a structural sandwich you would be better to just buy the panels pre-made cut to size.
There is a company out of BC that will have then cut and packages as a diy kit. Not cheap though. I can find the link tomorrowWhere? And how much $$$?
http://totalcomposites.com/ (no affiliation, no experience with company or product)
There are many others, google is you friend.
If you are trying to build a top quality solid comfortable cabin you will have to spend on the box. After you add up the cost of solar, wiring, inverters, cabinetry, plumbing, heating and on and on, not to mention labour, I see no point in building it in a stick frame box full of frost bridging and structurally poor compared to composite panels.
foam is inherently flammable..