Of interesting note: I think a 4 valve head also helps compact an engine's dimensions more than a 2 valve head, as well. Admittedly, perhaps this only pragmatically applies to motorcycles, where measurements between engine rocker boxes and frame backbones/fuel tanks is at a premium, often tight by mere centimeters of space. Back in the '90s when the Fueling 4 valve heads were available for Harley-Davidson Evolution powerplants they were a bolt-on affair in place of the factory 2 valve heads...and despite their extra valves and commensurate extra performance came in at .25" shorter in height than OEM heads.