Depends Upon Speed
Hoist:
We run a Maggiolina on the cab of our 2004 Toyota DC Tacoma. The Maggiolina definitely decreases miles per gallon. The decrease depends upon the speed the truck is driven - between 65 to 75 I'd guess we see a 10 to 15% decrease in mpg, below 65 I'd guess about 10%. This isn't a surprise as air resistance increases as the cube of speed (double your speed and the air resistance goes up eight times,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_automobiles#Physics).
Probably the best example of this is bicycles - a professional racer in a sprint on a normal road racing bike can hit 45 or maybe 50 mph on the level, without a draft for a couple of hundred meters. The best fully faired, recumbent racing bike can hit 82 mph (it's true!) for several hundred meters! The difference is all due to air resistance.
So you could save some gas by removing obstructions that increase resistance, but you could save a lot more by driving slowly (who said saving gas was fun?).
When our truck was in stock form, I could get 23 to 25 mpg. Once the truck was lifted about 2 - 3 inches with 255/85/16 tires, gearing was lowered to 4.88, etc. the best I can do is 20 mpg and 18-19 is more common (and I drive like a grandma).
The increase in weight of most of our trucks is also a factor - but it's most significant when driving uphill or accelerating. Not much we can do about driving uphill (doing it slowly helps), but accelerating easily helps a lot.
Howard