http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=13252
Greenfuel Technologies is a USA company that is looking into ways to use algae (aquatic plants) to produce biodiesel. It's possible to extract lots of oil from particular strains of algae. The oil can be used as diesel fuel without much additional processing.
While other companies are experimenting with algae for biodiesel production, Greenfuel is ready to start commercial production. Greenfuel has a $92 million contract with Aurantia, a Spanish alternative energy company, to build a 250 acre/100 hectacre algae farm. The highly automated farm is expected to be completed in 2011.
Once the oil is extracted, the algae biomass can be used in the production of other useful products. Algae can be used as food for livestock, as fertilizer, and to produce a number of industrial chemicals.
One environmentally friendly angle to algae production is that algae, like all green plants, absorbs CO2 during photosynthesis. Commercial algae farms can use waste CO2 from power plants or industrial production facilities as food for the algae. Most other biofuel projects generate more CO2 than they use, but algae farming captures CO2 that would otherwise go into the atmosphere or require expensive pollution control equipment to remove.
Different strains of algae produce varying yields of oil, carbohydrates and proteins. If you want to optimize biodiesel production, choose an algae that produces the most oil. If you want to produce ethanol, choose one that produces more carbohydrates.
However, ethanol production requires additional inputs of energy to process and distill the carbohydrates. That's the beauty of algae for biodiesel -- the oil is relatively cheap and easy to extract. However, algae requires large capital investment (land, growing facilities, access to water and feedstocks of fertilizer and CO2, etc) to get started.
Although no algae growing facility has yet achieved it, an acre of land growing algae is estimated to be able to produce about 5000 gallons of biodiesel per year. This is as much as 30 times more fuel per acre than other crop-based sources of biodiesel.
Algae is worth watching as an alternative source of energy.
Chip Haven