Because this is a place to learn...
What is a "precup"?
And I thought you got rid of the Troopy because you had no parking place for it, Did you grow a new parking lot?
REX
Gas engines take in fuel and air together and compress and use a spark plug to ignite. Diesels take in air only. They then compress the air to about 2-3 times what you'd normally see in a gas engine (so, really high pressure and heat) and the fuel injector (yes all diesels have injectors) lets out a little tift at 7 or 12 degrees or whatever before Top Dead Center (similar to timing a spark plug timing) of fuel. There is so much heat and pressure that it instantly combusts. Which is why diesels are called compression ignition engines.
There are two types, direct inject and indirect inject.
Direct inject: all activity happens in the actual cylinder itself. Usually there is a little pit in the top of the cylinder where the air goes. Here is a pic of the piston of my Cummins 4BT. It is a 3.9L 4 cyl, so nearly 1 liter of air. You have to imagine a Nalgene bottle of air (that is already pre-pressurized as much as 20 psi via the turbo before it even gets in the engine) being compressed into that tiny little cavity in the top of the cylinder:
Indirect Inject: the piston top is flat and in the head (on the other side of the head gasket from the block) is a small cavity where all that air goes, called the
pre cup. Usually, the tip of the injector as well as the glow plug also comes out in the pre cup as well. Usually precups are replaceable as they occasionally crack and fail (and can end up in your cylinder.
The benefit of indirect inject: usually quieter. Still made but increasingly less and less. Drawbacks: increased heat issues (so you can only turn up limited amounts otherwise you risk cracking) and breatheability. Hence why I was suggestion polishing.
Direct inject, you can basically boost and turn up as much as possible as long as your engine bearings can take it. Usually they are louder (the Cummins as an example) but newer technology (basically anything electronic) can turn their noise down significantly.
Turbo direct inject = "TDi" which you see on the back of a Jetta for example.