TerraLiner:12 m Globally Mobile Beach House/Class-A Crossover w 6x6 Hybrid Drivetrain

Haf-E

Expedition Leader
I recently realized that the idea of a fully integrated cabin on a non flexing chassis is fairly common - its used on school and transit buses. I've often seen old school buses travelling in the developing world on some pretty bad roads - without AWD... Many central american countries and places like Haiti are where old school buses go to die.

And school buses also have a lot of windows...

On the subject of rear versus front tandem axles - I often wondered how much wheel scrub and tire deformation there would be if there was an inter-axle differential included - which is what Tatra includes on their 8x8 and 6x6 chassis - both between the front tandem axles and the rear tandem axles - I also think Meritor offers an interaxle differential on their military rear tandem axles setup.

I also wonder if tandem axles with 4 sets of dual rear tires would be more subject to tire scrub when turning with a non-differential tandem axle setup compared to one with just 4 single tires.

Since the design proposed would use one electric motor per axle (i.e. 3 motors for a 6x6) then no interaxle differential would be required. Therefore, tandem rear axles would probably be acceptable.

Haf-e
 

biotect

Designer
Hi Haf-E,

I guess it all depends on what you mean by "non-flexing chassis". You could say, for instance, that all the American Class A motorhomes reviewed in that superb short summary that I postedin #732 are non-flexing; see http://www.expeditionportal.com/for...pedition-RV-w-Rigid-Torsion-Free-Frame/page74 . A Spartan, Roadmaster, or Freighliner chassis built to carry a fully integrated Class-A motorhome cannot flex under normal operating conditions, because if it did, the motorhome would fall apart in a few years. But the key word here is "normal operating conditions". If you drive the same chassis for lengthy periods on bad roads, and a bit off-road, it will break apart, because it was not designed to handle such conditions.

I then wonder about old school and transit buses. They too were originally designed to travel paved roads in the First World. So I wonder whether they really can handle a dirt road, in Bolivia say, without damage. Sure, they get exported to Second and Third World countries to die. But I wonder what the final process of their "death" is actually like, and how much damage it involves.....

Don't get me wrong here. I too am a big fan of "Skoolie" bus conversions, because they have so many windows, and their interiors are so spacious and full of light:


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biotect

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biotect

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However: it would be good to know the operational specifications for such bus and transit chassis. Are their frames designed right from the beginning to be intrinsically more robust than the standard Class-A motorhome chassis? Furthermore, it would be useful to research Latin American fabricators of school and transit buses; or American manufacturers who create models specifically intended for export to Second-World and Third-World countries where many roads are bad.

After dwh provided a "lead" for Bluebird school buses, I researched it a bit -- see post #493 at http://www.expeditionportal.com/for...pedition-RV-w-Rigid-Torsion-Free-Frame/page50 , as well as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bird_Corporation , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bird_Wanderlodge , http://www.blue-bird.com/all-american-fe-diesel.aspx , http://www.blue-bird.com/all-american-product-literature.aspx , http://www.blue-bird.com/sigma-transit-bus.aspx , http://www.blue-bird.com/global-bus-market.aspx , http://www.blue-bird.com/specialty-buses.aspx , and http://www.blue-bird.com/product-literature.aspx#.U_xVdHmSf6k .

Bluebird seems to make a Sigma transit bus with "global conditions" explicitly in mind -- see http://www.blue-bird.com/sigma-transit-bus.aspx#.VK-LRXnu76k , http://www.blue-bird.com/global-product-literature.aspx#.VK-KUHnu76k , and http://www.blue-bird.com/uploadedFiles/Downloads/sigma-brochure-english.pdf :


sigma-brochure-english8.jpg sigma-brochure-english1.jpg sigma-brochure-english3.jpg
sigma-brochure-english5.jpg sigma-brochure-english2.jpg sigma-brochure-english6.jpg
sigma-brochure-english7.jpg sigma-brochure-english4.jpg


But if you look closely at these images, there does not seem to be anything unique, or uniquely robust, about the Sigma's frame design. It is still a standard two-rail ladder frame.

All best wishes,


Biotect


PS -- If/when you have the time, it would be great to see some images and/or weblinks for motorized kayak racks...:)
 
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dwh

Tail-End Charlie
American school buses are extremely tough. More are probably used in rural areas than in urban areas. In rural areas, they drive long routes, often on rough gravel roads.

As for the frame, it's almost irrelevant. The sides and top of the body are inner and outer layers of steel, riveted to steel ribs and stringers. The floor is a single layer, with its own frame rails underneath to match the chassis frame rails, and thick dense plywood glued down on the inside. From what I remember riding on school buses in a rural area when I was young, they rattle and shake and the ride is very rough, but I doubt there is much, if any, flex allowed by the body.

I helped a buddy do a skoolie conversion back in the 80's. He had removed the entire inner steel lining, exposing the ribs and stringers, and then after painting and insulating the shell, lined the inside with 1/2" plywood. Inside, it felt like a vault. Extremely solid. He never used it all that much, and ended up selling it after a few years, so I can't speak as to how it held up over the long term, but I suspect about the only thing that could have gone wrong, was vibrating itself to death -it rode like a Conestoga wagon, because even after the conversion, it was way below rated GVW.

Fully loaded and operating as a chicken bus, I think the school bus would probably be right at the suspension's sweet spot. From what I've read, chicken bus operators like to put in bigger engines, but other than cosmetics, there isn't much that needs to be done for a school bus to be right at home doing that job.


i082757.jpg



http://www.cinemavehicles.com/store_inventory_categories_details.asp?id={DD0ABF9A-D8DA-4173-8002-4DE3DA28D9E8}
 

biotect

Designer
Hi dwh,

Many thanks for answering my question about school buses. Really interesting. It would be great to see a schematic, or cross-section, or chassis-frame plan -- something visual -- that shows what you just described. If you ever come across an image or schematic, please post! And the same for anyone else reading this, who loves "skoolies", i.e. school bus conversions.....:)

As it is, on the Bluebird website there does not seem to be anything visual that describes the internal construction of their school-buses, other than the kinds of pictures already posted above, which show a conventional ladder frame with two long rails. It seems that nowhere on its website does Bluebird advertise that its buses have a "semi-monococque" or "vertically integrated" design, a design in which the whole bus becomes a tubular space-frame that provides maximum rigidity. Whereas the Spartan and Prevost chassis discussed earlier in the thread explicitly mention exactly this, and they emphasize exactly this -- again, see posts #732 to #736, at http://www.expeditionportal.com/for...pedition-RV-w-Rigid-Torsion-Free-Frame/page74.

So based on the purely visual documentation for school buses posted in the thread thus far, it would seem that the ladder-frame just depicted above in a Bluebird bus is supposed to do all the work of maintaining rigidity. I would love to be proven wrong about this! But I would first need to be shown more weblinks to documentation, and/or more visual imagery, to be convinced otherwise.....:sombrero: ...(PS: the weblink that you posted does not seem to work, or it seems to be incomplete.)


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For some nice videos about the virtues of torsion-free rigidity, this time in a much smaller vehicle, see the following clips about American Expedition Vehicles' "Brute" Jeep conversions. Basically, AEV takes a Jeep chassis and lengthens it, to create a vehicle that has the same load-carrying capacity and off-road capability as a Landrover Defender 130 -- see http://www.aev-conversions.com and http://expeditionportal.com/show-stopper-aev-releases-aussie-inspired-ram-2500/ :




Brief note to thjakits: I have been all over Rob Gray's website, so yes, I am fully and completely aware of how the Wothahellizat's more traditional, flexing-frame + 3 point subframe works. Remember, I have been at this for a while.

In the "Pivoting Frames and Mounting Campers" thread, from which this thread first originated about a year ago, Ian_U1250 posted some interesting pictures of fully integrated Unimogs -- see post #324 at http://www.expeditionportal.com/forum/threads/25494-pivoting-frames-and-mounting-campers/page33 . And, needless to say, the Unimog frame is deliberately designed to flex -- a lot. So sure, what you described is both theoretically and practically possible: a fully integrated design based on a chassis frame that flexes.

But the bigger the vehicle gets, perhaps the more troublesome a flexing frame will become, for a fully integrated, rigid camper box mounted on top? And if some kind of 3 or 4-point pivoting sub-frame were required after all, one loses precious cm of height and internal camper headroom to the sub-frame. In short, for all sorts of engineering and overall design reasons, I think a rigid, non-flex chassis is the way to go. And that is what this thread is about. This particular sub-theme is very clearly stated in the thread's title, "Rigid, Torsion-Free Frame".

Sorry to clamp down hard on this issue, but honestly, I personally do not want to get into any kind of debate about "rigid versus flexing frames". So yes, a flexible frame that mounts a fully integrated camper box is a possibility, and has been done before. But it is a possibility that was closed off in this thread almost a year ago. And furthermore, it is a possibility that is also excluded by this thread's title. This may sound somewhat autocratic and too dirigiste, but this thread wants to explore one and only one engineering possibility, at least as far as frames are concerned, namely, "rigid, torsion-free frames".

That possibility is worth exploring in detail, and at great length, if only because it has not been explored much yet, in the world of large, expedition-style motorhomes. In the world of UniCat and ActionMobil vehicles, "flexing frames" are standard, and the engineering and design issues raised by mounting rigid camper boxes on top of flexing frames have been explored ad nauseam. So for that reason alone, I personally do not want to explore such issues in this thread.

Others may feel differently. But again, if a debate emerges on this subject, I definitely will not be a participant.....:)

All best wishes,



Biotect
 
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biotect

Designer
Hi Haf-E,

Thanks for that video link. Here it is again, embedded, along with similar videos about the Thule system, showing their gas-piston-assisted kayak roof-rack:


[video=youtube;3y5CJSqv7nw]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y5CJSqv7nw&list=PLBPpGIJJYYvkVlGoOZKRfvtQ oKWpcWH7M [/video] [video=youtube;Td6YsDkHGJ0]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Td6YsDkHGJ0 [/video]
[video=youtube;WSeQiHOzKDo]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSeQiHOzKDo#t=35 [/video]

All best wishes,



Biotect
 
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thjakits

Adventurer
Hi Bio,


...no worries, I KNOW you insist on a rigid frame - but the discussion was at a point, where the alternative method (flex frame) just was worth to mention - again. Also noted, that you made it clear way back that this is a no-go. I only intended to point out some of the differences and why one might want to chose one over the other.
If I were to build a Explorer/Overlander - I almost certainly would also go for welded space-frame (Most likely steel, but titanium would be a possibility IF it would be available at a sensitive price, which mostly depends on your connections in/to Russia.... Aluminium - ....I don't know, ....though there is loads of different alloys, alu is difficult to deal with long-term fatigue....) - space-frame is basically rigid, though I would NOT go for ultimate stiffness, but more like the Skoolies - they still flex within the framework, you just don't see it (....like you do on WT or Unimogs or any other standard truck chassis for that matter)...

US-schoolbuses:

From the Skoolie forums I learned that the old CROWN and GILLIG buses are considered the tanks amongst the schoolbusses - there is a dual-driven tandem axle version of the CROWN out there (mainly western Rocky Mountain States.....) and I think I also saw a pic with a similar Bluebird.
[Including "chain-throwers" or "sanders".....

Some will have Alu-sheet exterior (most have steel), also most have the inner liners riveted to the frame-bows (sides and roof) others use metal-screws (that are nearly impossible to un-screw by the time the Skoolie-builders get their hands on them.

After the "connoisseur"-Crown and Gilligs, Thomas-built and Bluebird are the preferred ones.

It seems Thomas uses/used MD-truck chassis from different manufacturers over the years - Bluebird makes their own, but to the same specs/measures as they DO use standard running/suspension gear.
Bluebirds (at least the older ones, that Skoolie builders use...) have straight sides, Thomas bend in about an inch on top of the windows (flat sides, but angled slighty inwards...), however this doesn't seem to matter at all when one ventures into Roof-raises!

Having seen it first hand, the "Bluebird Global Conditions" thing is quite funny! Whatever is shown in their brochure as "global" would be considered "showroom or brand-new highway-condition" - situation is getting better of course, but there are still corners in Latin-America where one wonders if they actually wanted a TRACTOR and by mistake ended up with a bus!! Never mind - the bus is doing just fine! ONE reason why I would chose a Skoolie over a a spaceframe coach for modification into a RV....

Transit-buses are now modern Chinese/Korean/Malaysia or Brasilian products (however these are confined to mainly paved roads), institutions (Schools, Police, other offices) are still buying new Bluebirds or Thomasbuilt, however mostly the Coach-versions of schoolbus platforms - means, mostly air-suspension, bigger tanks and underfloor storage and fixed side-windows (but with 2-3 AC-units on the roof) - There is a handful of older coach-versions (either former "Activity"-buses or one of the few that were still used in the US as a coach) that run a coach service to the Darien - all paved now, but usually full of pot-holes....

At least in Panama the former mainstay of public transport (Surplus US-Schoolbuses are now left to do mainly Country-side service and are mostly banned from the city.....)
Generally they arrived in yellow and shortly after they were "Art"-works!!

[BIO, google up on "Diablo Rojo, Panama"!!! Plenty of Terraliner looks sugestions!]

DWH has it absolutely right - they are (generally...) never loaded to capacity (weight-wise, though get "stuffed" with people!!), so you don't see much flexing, but for the axles only - but the ride is about as stiff as it would be with a rigid suspension.....

Skoolie-out!


thjakits:coffee:
 
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biotect

Designer
Hi thjakits,

That was a really useful post! Many, many thanks....:)


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The Crown "Super-Coach" School Bus


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Turns out that Crown was one of the few school bus manufacturers that actually employed an "integral chassis/body construction"; in other words, a space frame. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Coach_Corporation , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Supercoach , http://www.schoolbusfleet.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=20023&whichpage=2 , http://www.schoolbusdriver.org/crown.html , http://buskidspage.tripod.com/safetyfirst.htm , http://crowncoach.info/category/introduction/ , http://crowncoach.info/category/historical-contributors/ , http://crowncoach.info/category/history/ , http://crowncoach.info/2010/03/23/the-dentist-who-built-buses-and-fire-engines-by-ed-hass/ , http://crowncoach.info/crown-resources/ , http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/c/crown_coach/crown_coach.htm , http://www.thefedoralounge.com/show...ty-of-Pupil-Transportation-and-Fire-Apparatus , http://www.gopixpic.com/crown-school-bus/ , http://www.gopixpic.com/500/crown-s...|motoburg*com|images|crown-school-bus-01*jpg/ , http://www.gopixpic.com/500/crown-s...aticflickr*com|94|247439591_32bf168ebf_z*jpg/ , http://www.carsfotodb.com/page/crown-supercoach/default.html , http://worldcarslist.com/photo/crown-supercoach/02/default.html , http://globalcarslist.com/gallery/crown-supercoach.html , http://globalcarslist.com/photo/im/crown-supercoach/10/default.htm , http://carslist-db.com/photo/crown-supercoach/09/default.html , http://carslist-db.com/photo/crown-supercoach/05/default.html , http://all-carz.com/crown-supercoach.html , http://myntransportblog.com/2014/01/27/buses-trucks-firerescue-crown-usa/ , http://myntransportblog.com/2014/01/27/buses-trucks-firerescue-crown-usa/comment-page-1/ , https://www.flickr.com/search/?q="crown+coach"&s=int&z=m , https://www.flickr.com/search/groups/?q=crown&w=95404235@N00&m=pool , and https://picasaweb.google.com/109597480439756878415/CrownCoach?feat=flashalbum#5469185456185452882 :


1972CrownSupercoach.jpg crown_700.jpg


The following are pieces taken from old Crown brochures, found on the “tripod.com” website. These should give some idea of what the construction of a Crown bus was actually like, and also, how exceptional it was:


SAFETY FIRST!



structure1.jpg


Since 1932, when Crown pioneered the integral-transit school coach design, the Crown Supercoach has been recognized as the safest school coach in the industry.


Now, new refinements and improvements, including a unique, super-strong "roll bar" roof structure, multiple body post assemblies and the use of 90,000 PSI ULTRA HIGH TENSILE STEEL in all of the main body structural members, have made the Crown Supercoach safer than ever.

In Crown's total integral engineering, all component sections of the coach are precision designed to function as complementary parts of the whole, with each contributing to the total strength of the finished unit. The massive all-steel understructure, the body posts, roll bars and rails are all precision jig assembled and electrically welded to produce a tough, rugged framework of maximum strength. The rounded front and rear panels, inside and out, are die-stamped to assure absolute uniformity and, like the roof panels, are formed of highest quality heat treated aluminum. The side panels are top grade tempered aluminum. Each of the sections and panels are precision engineered and applied to contribute the maximum strength to the entire structural unit.






structure2.jpg


The extra-deep, pressed steel hat section roll bars are die-formed of 14 gauge, 90,000 PSI ULTRA HIGH TENSILE STEEL, positioned on 17 and a half inch centers and electrically welded to the six steel longitudinal rails and to the two main rails, also formed of 90,000 psi Ultra High Tensile Steel.

The tank-like strength of the extra deep front end structure is one of the safety benefits resulting from Crown's aerodynamic body design. The rounded configuration also reduced wind drag, resulting in greater fuel economy.







uhts.jpg
structure3.jpg


Crown's total integral engineering, while primarily inspired by considerations of safety, has also resulted in the MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND DURABILITY of the Crown Supercoach. It is rare to find a Crown for sale that is less than 20 years old.





construction.jpg roofrail.jpg


A square "torque tube" of 14 gauge steel has been integrated into the Ultra High Tensile Steel main roof rails and designed to absorb and eliminate stress caused by torsion action affecting the roof and body structures. Also adds strength to the roof rails between the window posts.


crosssection.jpg


The information and pictures posted on this page were taken from the brochures "CROWN Supercoach . . . The Ultimate in Safety and Economy" and "Crown Supercoach . . . The 'Royalty' of Pupil Transportation."






See http://buskidspage.tripod.com/safetyfirst.htm .


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biotect

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THE CROWN SUPERCOACH,
 AN "INCREDIBLE HULK"



soapboxracer.jpg


Which is the reason why underneath the beautiful body structure of the Crown Supercoach is an INCREDIBLE HULK!


structure1.jpg


. . . a totally integrated superstructure of solid muscle! From one end to the other — with all the main structural members formed of 90,000 PSI ULTRA HIGH TENSILE STEEL. There are multiple body posts at both ends of the coach and there's a super-strong roof structure containing 22 roll bars in the 36' coach and 26 roll bars in the 40' coach — a roll bar every 17 and a half inches.

This incredible hulk is what sets the Crown Supercoach apart from all the others. It means greater safety and it means at least 20 years of trouble-free performance.

- December/January 1980



speakingof.jpg



floorlevel.jpg


Crown Quality, above all, means safe transportation. One very important safety feature inherent in the Crown integral-transit design is the extra high floor level, seating the pupils safely above the point of impact in case the coach is struck by another vehicle. This feature has proven its value many times, and with the traffic conditions worsening by the day, it merits serious consideration by every school bus operator.

In the above photo of a partially completed Crown school coach, you can see the rear seat well above the crash level and away from the steel body framework. In the event of a rear end collision, the main force of the impact is absorbed by the specially designed, integrally constructed all-steel, reinforced, rear baggage compartment — effectively protecting the rear seat. Addition protection is provided by the steel reinforced baggage compartment doors and the heavy duty bar spring steel double bumpers (not shown).

Notice the triple body post assembly ahead of the rear seat. These body posts, like all Crown school coach body posts, are formed of 12-gauge, 90,000 psi tensile strength Ultra High Tensile Steel. Notice also, the addition full-width 10-gauge steel apron below the seat rail . . . for even greater strength and protection.

It's features like these that make Crown school coaches the safest investment you can make!

- August/September 1977


crowncounts.jpg

Untitled-1.jpg


See http://buskidspage.tripod.com/incrediblehulk.htm


CROWN'S HIGHER FLOOR LEVEL


rearstructure.jpg


Crown's aerodynamic body design and extra high floor level make it possible to position the rear seat away from the rear body framework and safely above the crash level. In addition, the all-steel, heavily reinforced baggage compartment is an integral part of the body structure and is designed to absorb the main force of a rear end collision. Extra protection is provided by the rugged framework and the heavy duty bumper and the steel reinforced baggage compartment doors.
The triple body post assembly formed of 12 gauge, 90,000 psi Ultra High Tensile Steel, together with the full width 10-gauge steel apron, provide maximum protection in a rear side collision.


collision1.jpg


In a rear end collision, the main force of the impact is absorbed by the heavy duty bumper and the specially designed all-steel heavily reinforced baggage compartment.


collision2.jpg


The safety advantage of Crown's extra high floor level has been proven many times. With traffic conditions worsening by the day, this feature deserves special consideration.
The information and pictures posed on this page were taken from the brochure "CROWN Supercoach . . . The Ultimate in Safety and Economy."


See http://buskidspage.tripod.com/floorlevel.htm .


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biotect

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CROWN'S SAFETY ENTRANCE DOOR


door1.jpg


Exclusive One-Piece, Single Hinge Safety Entrance Door

Here are five reasons why Crown's Safety Entrance Door is by far the safest, most functional entrance door on any school bus today.

1. Crown's pneumatically controlled single leaf door with two large, one-piece windows gives driver much better visibility than the double-leaf doors with smaller glass panels used in other buses.
2. In the event of collision or fire (causing possible panic), this normally inward opening door can be easily opened outward by means of a simple lever device that any child can operate.

3. Pupils and outside objects are sometimes struck by an outward opening door. Crown's inward opening door eliminates these hazards.

4. Crown advance engineering eliminates the many problems caused by complicated mechanisms of the double-leaf door: frequent repairs, parts replacement, pinched fingers, entrance of cold, air and dust.

5. Crown coaches can be parked much closer together, saving valuable space in your bus parking area - an advantage most schools will appreciate.

The information and pictures posted on this page were taken from the brochure "CROWN Supercoach . . . The Ultimate in Safety and Economy."


See http://buskidspage.tripod.com/safetyentrance.htm .


CROWN'S SAFETY EXITS


exits.jpg


In addition to the patented safety entrance door and the left side emergency door, Crown provides a unique rear emergency window that has been designed to assure a positive means of escape regardless of the position of the coach. Placed high above the impact level and matching the curved contour of the coach, this rear exit is much less vulnerable to jamming at impact than some door level rear emergency doors. Both the side and rear emergency exits have simple, efficient release mechanisms with latches that can be easily operated from either the inside or outside of the coach.

Are three exits enough? Not for Crown. Every window in the Supercoach is of drop sash design and will open big enough and wide enough to permit even large adults to exit easily and quickly in case of emergency. Crown has taken care, however, to limit the opening of these extra large windows so that under normal conditions, a seated pupil cannot extend his arm out the window nor can he ever accidentally fall out or be thrown out through the window in case of a collision.





window.jpg


Opening 13 and a half by 32 inches, Crown windows provide a safety exit big enough for an adult.

The information and pictures posted on this page were taken from the brochure "CROWN Supercoach . . . The Ultimate in Safety and Economy."






See http://buskidspage.tripod.com/safetyexits.htm .


DRIVER VISIBILITY


view.jpg


The first thing school bus drivers notice and admire about the Crown Supercoach, is the exceptional driver visibility. Crown's standard flat windshield, of Solex shatter-proof tinted plate glass provides a full 2440 square inches of glass area — considerably more visibility than that offered by most school buses. Crown also offers as an option, a larger two-piece curved windshield that measures 91 inches across and 30 inches in height, for a total glass area of 2730 square inches.

On the driver's left, the windshield blends into the extra large intercity type driver's window. On the right side, are the two large one-piece windows of the Crown safety entrance door - giving the the driver maximum visibility to both sides and a major safety advantage when approaching a loading zone, and at intersections or railroad crossings.

To maintain safe visibility while driving in the inclement weather, Crown provides extra-heavy duty bottom mounted windshield wipers, with variable speed control and with the washer spray nozzle located in the wiper arm at the center point of the wiper blade. Crown's defrosting system is the finest available, with ample capacity to keep the windshield clear at all times.

An extra large 36" rear view mirror, a 32" sun visor and a special outside rear view mirror system, are addition visibility features that help make the Crown Supercoach the safest school coach available and the unanimous choice of safety oriented school bus drivers.






view2.jpg


The driver of a Crown transit is seated high and close to the extra-large windshield. He can see a small child within three feet of the front bumper and he has safe lateral visibility when entering a blind intersection. Unfortunately, all school bus designs do not permit this kind of visibility.





driversseat.jpg


Blind intersections are a major cause of accidents. The illustration below shows the life-saving visibility advantage of the Crown transit over the conventional type.





door3.jpg


. . . On the right side, are the two large one-piece windows of the Crown safety entrance door - giving the driver maximum visibility to both sides and a major safety advantage when approaching a loading zone, and at intersections or railroad crossings.

The information and pictures posted on this page were taken from the brochure "CROWN Supercoach . . . The Ultimate in Safety and Economy."






See http://buskidspage.tripod.com/visibility.htm .


Clearly, not all school buses are or were created equal, and Crown's “vertically integrated” fusion of chassis and body does seem to have been a bit unique. Right now I am trying to finish collating images promised in previous posts, so I can't continue with the other manufacturers that you mentioned, thjakits. But clearly, Gillig is also worth investigating at great length, and then, Thomas. I've already covered Bluebird.


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biotect

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In the meantime, I'll fill out this series of posts about Crown, with some images of the Crown “SuperCoach”, a 3-axle or “tandem” design:


Apple_Valley_Crown_Coach_Corporation.jpg Apple_Valley_Crown_Coach_Corporation2.jpg 3275446371_87230bb71d.jpg
2006-8-30_CrownCoachLFWeb-Large.jpg 7736763236_8d38062151.jpg crown.jpg
6074379172_08d7a92f8b.jpg 09110.jpg 08111.jpg
8207066225_a0cfd1f274_z.jpg



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crown-supercoach-08.jpg i077370.jpg crn8.jpg
saddleback23.jpg 7736821506_fff4d934a2_n.jpg crown-supercoach-ii-03.jpg



I posted so many images of Crown tandem buses, because I really like their shapes. Although they certainly have flat sides, their roofs are one continuous curve, and their front ends are convex too. In back they are one continuous compound-curve, veritable automotive sculpture, with beautifully shaped rear windows.

They remind me of VW Kombi microbuses, only much bigger.

Here are two photos of an old Crown tandem that seems to be still doing service in Managua, Nicaragua:


CrownTandemManaguaAlt.jpg CrownTandemManagua.jpg


And the following are old photos of Crown tandems, serving various functions:


crown-intercity-coach-01.jpg crown-intercity-coach-04.jpg



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