I'm not following.
Charging a Powerwall on a low amp circuit over many hours, and using it to fast charge an EV doesn't seem to have much to do with what I know about using shore power with a boat's house bank.
Okay, I will go a little overboard, but keep in mind that most batteries (if not all) are able to discharge faster than being charged. Just as you wanted.
The following numbers are made up, but they relate to one another exactly like the following. I have to say that I make the assumption that the powerwall accepts 48v as that seems like a good voltage widely used. It could be 12v, but there is no way it is because it would mean horrendously thick gauge cables and much bigger voltage drops (as a percentage).
Anyway, you get a charger to convert the 120v 10Amps AC (from the wall) to DC at 48V, which means the cables will now carry 25Amps at 48v.
This is then fed into the battery bank however big a powerwall is.
For getting it out, and depending on how much draw the powerwall batteries can be discharged, you either use an inverter to get to AC, or a DC-DC converter/stepup transformer to go to DC (I don't know if Tesla uses DC charging, but I think they do) at least on the level 3.
Anyway, when you have converted it to, say, 240 volts, it's a question of how much you can pull from the battery bank. 240 volts @ 100 Amps is pulling 500A from the 48V battery banks (ie. before being converted). So, if it has enough amp hours, it can charge the car at a rate (500A / charge rate 25A) which comes out at it being able to discharge at 20 times the amperage of the charging.
A "house bank" (I think I need to explain this too) in a normal boat is mostly 12V or 24V. It is used for "House loads" - that is, it is not used for starting an engine. For people with shore power, they can keep their 12/24 volt house bank charged either by solar, the alternator, or by plugging in to shore (dock). It's the same principle here. It's just a matter of getting the right type (AC/DC) and the voltage right, the rest is about keeping the cables thick enough to cope with whatever amperage.
I hope I managed to explain this so it's somewhat understandable?