TerraLiner:12 m Globally Mobile Beach House/Class-A Crossover w 6x6 Hybrid Drivetrain

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



9. Landrover-Britain: Two PR Trips for Competition Winners, Catalonia and Finland


************************************



It would also seem that unlike Landrover-Germany, Landrover-Britain does not have a long history running PR-trips that one can participate in for free, via selective competition. But even still, Landrover-Britain did run two PR-trips of this kind recently, to Catalonia in 2011, and Finland in 2012. The Catalonia trip received over 62,000 entries, from which Landrover-Britain selected 20 lucky couples:


[video=youtube;WOJQwMfnJOo]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOJQwMfnJOo&index=21&list=PLFDBA2C4417DFA2 71 [/video] [video=youtube;fA9jwGoPQMc]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fA9jwGoPQMc&list=PLFDBA2C4417DFA271&index= 21[/video]
[video=youtube;1isuENTIp7o]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1isuENTIp7o [/video] [video=youtube;dX5bc9eZg9Q]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dX5bc9eZg9Q [/video]


Here are some videos about the PR trip to Finland -- see http://www.bathrugby.com/news/club-news/win-the-ultimate-nordic-driving-adventure-with-land-rover and http://www.motortradebook.com/videos/3673/3127/land-rover-experience-nordic-adv:




Finally, here is a bit more about "Landrover Experience", along with the fifth video in Landrover's "Essential Guide to Offroad Driving" series. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5igJYkSyfA&list=PL9B8951DBD129E132 for the full Playlist.


[video=youtube;Xqw0WiRcyPs]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xqw0WiRcyPs&list=PL9B8951DBD129E132&index= 5[/video]


For more than 200 Landrover videos, see the YouTube playlist at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUSX22m92Fb8T8UqyFbUw3hQ .


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



10. Landrover-Britain's "Discovery" Expedition, 2012, Birmingham to Beijing


************************************



So overall, one might be tempted to conclude that Landrover-Britain is not nearly as ambitious in its "expeditioneering" as Landrover-Germany. But of course this would be a mistake. In recent years Landrover-Britain has conducted a number of very ambitious expeditions as technology demonstrations, or publicity stunts, or both; expeditions manned by expert crew, as opposed to contest winners or paying customers.

For instance in 2012, to celebrate the milestone of the One Millionth Land Rover Discovery, Landrover-Britain undertook a 50-day, 8,000 mile road trip from Birmingham to Beijing – see http://www.landrover.com/gb/en/rr/about-land-rover/land-rover-news/journey-of-discovery/ , http://www.landrover.com/au/en/lr/about-land-rover/news-overview/50-days-8000-miles-jod/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=45253&altTemplate=Image Pack , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/6405 , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/6473 , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/6584 , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/6791 , http://www.interactivelandrover.com/lr4/DisplayRelease.php?itemID=414 , http://www.dailymail.co.uk/motoring...s-production-line-explore-new-challenges.html , http://www.examiner.com/article/lan...discovery-stirs-echoes-of-first-overland-trip , http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/one-millionth-discovery-built , http://www.carsuk.net/land-rover-discovery-one-million-discos-and-an-8000-mile-road-trip-to-beijing/ , http://cars.uk.msn.com/news/land-rover-completes-birmingham-beijing-run , http://www.roadandtrack.com/go/news...en-route-to-china-2012-geneva-auto-show-32851 , http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2012/02/land-rover-discovery-millionth-unit-celebrated.html , http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/...ition-visits-soviet-submarine-base-video.html , http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2012/03/land-rover-expedition-team-makes-a-stop-in-chernobyl.html , http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/...ery-reaches-destination-not-charity-goal.html , http://www.autoblog.com/2012/03/01/land-rover-sends-millionth-discovery-on-transcontinental-fundrai/ , http://www.autoblog.com/2012/05/02/land-rover-completes-8-000-mile-journey-of-discovery-from-birmin/ , http://www.motorbeam.com/cars/land-rover/land-rover-on-a-fundraising-journey/ , http://www.roverguide.com/14882/land-rovers-journey-discovery-expedition/ , http://www.roverguide.com/14843/1000000th-land-rover-discovery-produced-gallery/ , http://www.roverguide.com/15416/tracking-land-rovers-journey-discovery-google-maps/ , https://maps.google.co.uk/maps/ms?m...6,2.373047&spn=11.146482,28.476562&dg=feature , and https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE8E7C8E376FE8BE7 :


6795139652_524f91132b_b.jpg discovery_expedition_route1.jpg
Untitled.jpg land-rover-discovery.jpg


[video=youtube;zPJ9OVQmSL8]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPJ9OVQmSL8&index=12&list=PLE8E7C8E376FE8B E7[/video]
[video=youtube;vE7YKg1fg3s]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE7YKg1fg3s&list=UUSX22m92Fb8T8UqyFbUw3hQ& index=165[/video]


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer

.

CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



The Landrover "Discovery" expedition raised more than 1 million GBP for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent societies -- see http://www.landrover.com/gl/en/lr/a...urney-of-discovery-raises-one-million-pounds/ , http://www.redcross.org.uk/About-us/News/2012/February/Land-Rover-Birmingham-to-Beijing-expedition , and http://www.autopulze.com/automobile...frc's-water-and-sanitation-project-in-uganda/ :


[video=youtube;Cx5xscCJFBY]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx5xscCJFBY&index=14&list=PLE8E7C8E376FE8B E7[/video] [video=youtube;_ubUmjlRy6o]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ubUmjlRy6o&list=UUSX22m92Fb8T8UqyFbUw3hQ& index=206[/video]


The commemorative coffee table book is viewable on-line as a flip-book – see http://www.fpcreative.com/project/journey-discovery and http://issuu.com/fpcreative/docs/journeyofdiscovery . And see the extensive YouTube playlist at http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE8E7C8E376FE8BE7 .


************************************


11. The Oxford and Cambridge Far Eastern Expedition, London to Singapore, 1955 - 1956


************************************



One purpose of the "Discovery" expedition in 2012, Birmingham to Beijing, was to recapture the spirt of trans-Eurasian adventure, as exemplified by the "Oxford and Cambridge Far Eastern Expedition", London to Singapore, that took place over 50 years earlier, 1955 - 1956. The young Oxbridge students who undertook the trip, now popularly known as the "First Overland" expedition, initially hoped to travel London to Hong Kong. But it was the height of the Cold War, and so they "settled" for London to Singapore instead:


[video=youtube;lDeSC7m_EXI]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDeSC7m_EXI&list=UUSX22m92Fb8T8UqyFbUw3hQ& index=208[/video] [video=youtube;77487qPkey0]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77487qPkey0&index=15&list=PLE8E7C8E376FE8B E7[/video]
[video=youtube;4TXg6UlwpDc]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TXg6UlwpDc [/video]


See http://www.roverguide.com/14882/land-rovers-journey-discovery-expedition/ , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_Far_Eastern_Expedition , http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/excessbaggage/index_20061014.shtml , http://www.firstoverland.com , http://www.aetherapparel.com/journal/2011/10/11/oxford-cambridge-far-eastern-expedition-1955/ , http://www.classicdriver.com/en/art...d-oxford-and-cambridge-far-eastern-expedition , http://www.nickt.com/info/landrover/GoldenOverland_FirstOverland_LRW200403.pdf , http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspa...ney&token=journey,oxford,cambridge,rover,land , http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspa...bridge&token=cambridge,rover,land,slessor,tim , http://www.amazon.co.uk/First-Overland-London-Singapore-Land-Rover/dp/1904955142 , https://www.safarious.com/en/posts/2025-land-rover-first-overland-from-london-to-singapore, and https://www.safarious.com/en/posts/2025 .

Again, such expeditions demonstrate that crossing Eurasia is an abiding passion for European overlanders. But the "Discovery" expedition's route in 2012 ran considerably to the north of the Tibetan Plateau, and the route of the "First Overland" expedition 1955 - 1956 ran to the south of it, through India. So neither expedition should concern us further here, in this sequence of posts dedicated to central Eurasian altitude.


************************************


12. Landrover-Britain's "Silk Trail" Expedition, 2013, Birmingham to Mumbai, with Hybrid Range Rovers


************************************



But that's not all.

Just last year, in 2013, Landrover-Britain also ran an expedition from Europe to Mumbai that crossed the Tibetan plateau, an expedition whose route was in some ways similar to Landrover-Germany's "Silk Road Tour". Because both expeditions occurred in 2013, causal bloggers sometimes confuse the two, and will mix images of these expeditions in their posts. But these were separate and distinct enterprises, using different vehicles, and with different objectives.

As already described in detail, Landrover-Germany's "Silk Road Tour" was in effect a super-intense version of its long-standing sequence of "Landrover Experience" PR-trips: a freebie adventure holiday that also generated publicity for the new Evoque. Whereras Landrover-Britain's "Silk Trail" expedition was staffed exclusively by professionals and journalists, not contest winners; and it was primarily intended as a technology-demonstrating field test of Landrover's new Range Rover Hybrid prototypes:


RR_RRS_Hybrids_Details_210813_01.jpg rangeroverhybrid 7.jpg RR_RRS_Hybrids_Details_210813_02.jpg
RR_RRS_Hybrids_Details_210813_03.jpg rangeroverhybrid 5.jpg rangeroverhybrid 8.jpg
Range-Rover-Hybrid-7.jpg Range-Rover-Hybrid-3.jpg Range-Rover-Hybrid-4.jpg
large.jpg


A. "Silk Trail" Press Releases


The following are some Landrover press-releases heavy on text, short on imagery – http://www.landrover.com/gb/en/lr/lr-hybrid-tackles-silk-trail/ , http://www.landrover.com/au/en/lr/about-land-rover/news-overview/Hybrid-Silk-Trail/, http://www.landrover.com/gl/en/lr/about-land-rover/news-overview/silk-trail/ , http://www.landrover.com/au/en/lr/about-land-rover/news-overview/worlds-first-hybrid-expedition/ , http://www.uk.tata.com/section/arti...il-from-Solihull-to-Mumbai?sectid=Q753bw1G5ro , and http://www.landrover.com/gb/en/lr/about-land-rover/land-rover-news/lr-launches-first-hybrid-car/ .

Whereas these are press-releases accompanied by photographs that one can download – http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com...bai&ct=NewsArticles&rs=5&fr=0&allCounts=False , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/news/2013/08/lr_rr_hybrid_silk_road_290813/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/news/2013/09/lr_rr_hybrid_silk_road_no2_040913/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com...9/rr_hybrids_silk_trail_2013_update_3_110913/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com...9/rr_hybrids_silk_trail_2013_update_4_180913/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/news/2013/09/lr_hybrids_silk_road_no5_250913/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/news/2013/10/lr_rr_hybrid_silk_road_no6_031013/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-gb/land-rover/news/2013/10/lr_rr_silk_trail_101013/ , and http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com...r_rr_hybrids_complete_silk_road_trail_141013/ ; http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/7733 , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/7785 , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/7787 , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/7786 , http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/7799 , and http://www.broadcast.jaguarlandrover.com/stories/7892 .

The pages from Landrover-Jaguar's "Broadcast Newsroom" also contain lots of downloadable videos that address the more technical sides of Range Rover Hybrid testing and data collection; many videos that have not yet appeared on YouTube.


B. "Silk Trail" Article Series


Landrover also created a 9-article series that covers the "Sillk Trail" Hybrid expedition in some depth, well-illustrated with embedded pictures: http://landrovermena.com/?s=silk+trail+2013 , http://landrovermena.com/2013/08/21/land-rover-launches-its-first-hybrid-range-rover-models/ , http://landrovermena.com/2013/08/29...over-models-take-on-epic-silk-trail-to-india/ , http://landrovermena.com/2013/09/04...il-expedition-continues-on-its-way-to-mumbai/ , http://landrovermena.com/2013/09/13...ilk-trail-expedition-progress-towards-mumbai/ , http://landrovermena.com/2013/09/20/hybrid-range-rover-silk-trail-expedition-the-ancient-silk-roads/ , http://landrovermena.com/2013/09/26...lk-trail-expedition-the-kyrgyzstan-mountains/ , http://landrovermena.com/2013/10/04...k-trail-expedition-xinjiang-to-tibet-highway/ , http://landrovermena.com/2013/10/10/hybrid-range-rover-silk-trail-expedition-nepal-towards-india/ , and http://landrovermena.com/2013/10/15/hybrid-range-rover-silk-trail-expedition-arrival-in-mumbai/ .


C. "Silk Trail" Photo Galleries


For large photo-galleries of expedition, see http://landrovermena.com/galleries/...over-models-take-on-epic-silk-trail-to-india/ , http://landrovermena.com/galleries/...dels-take-on-epic-silk-trail-to-india/page-2/ , http://landrovermena.com/galleries/...dels-take-on-epic-silk-trail-to-india/page-3/ , http://landrovermena.com/galleries/...dels-take-on-epic-silk-trail-to-india/page-4/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=68076&altTemplate=Image Pack , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=68328&altTemplate=Image Pack , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=68449&altTemplate=Image Pack , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=68493&altTemplate=Image Pack , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=68752&altTemplate=Image Pack , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=69624&altTemplate=Image Pack , and http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=70366&altTemplate=Image Pack .

And for the expedition's flip-book, see http://issuu.com/fpcreative/docs/land_rover_silktrail .

But note that not all of the images included in the posts that follow below are available via Landrover-Britain's various websites. Some I found first on an Indian website -- see http://www.autocarindia.com/auto-gallery/land-rover-silk-trail-photo-gallery-360535,9.aspx . When traced, I discovered that many of these were originally posted on Landrover-Germany's blog, where the "Silk Trail" Hybrid expedition was covered by three articles in particular -- see https://active.touch-landrover.de/l...utf8=✓&q=Range+Rover+Hybrid&submitted= , https://active.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/categories/41/stories/291 , http://translate.google.co.uk/trans...drover.de/lifestyle/categories/41/stories/291 , https://active.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/stories/177 , http://translate.google.co.uk/trans...tive.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/stories/177 , https://active.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/stories/183 , http://translate.google.co.uk/trans...tive.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/stories/183 , https://active.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/stories/213 , http://translate.google.co.uk/trans...tive.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/stories/213 , https://active.touch-landrover.de/lifestyle/categories/39/stories/123 , and http://translate.google.co.uk/trans...drover.de/lifestyle/categories/39/stories/123 .

Most of these images posted on Landrover-Germany's blog never seem to appear in Anglophonic blogs or news stories, perhaps because Anglophonic bloggers and journalists tend to read websites only written in English? So the images of the "Silk Trail" expedition appended to their blogs and articles seem to be obtained almost exclusively from Landrover-Britain's website. One exception is "MSN Cars", UK, whose photo-gallery is filled with images of the "Silk Trail" expedition driving through India in particular, images not available elsewhere -- see http://cars.uk.msn.com/features/range-rover-hybrid-silk-trail-adventure?page=21#image=1 .


D. "Silk Trail" Press Coverage


The "Silk Trail" expedition was also well-covered by the mainstream Anglophonic press – see http://www.bbc.com/autos/story/20130923-england-to-india-the-hard-way , http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2458855/Range-Rover-Hybrid-drive-Asia-Silk-trail.html , http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/picturegalleries/10339136/Range-Rover-Hybrids-trek-to-India.html , http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring...rover/10275542/Range-Rover-Hybrid-review.html , http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/motoring/richard-hammond-10000-mile-silk-trail-2238014 , http://cars.uk.msn.com/features/range-rover-hybrid-silk-trail-adventure , http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/10000-mile-passage-india-hybrid-land-5786964 , http://www.business-standard.com/ar...-silk-trail-reaches-china-113100400831_1.html , and http://articles.economictimes.india...ews/42993133_1_tata-motors-german-team-convoy .

As well as by the more specialized automotive press – see http://www.gizmag.com/land-rover-world-first-hybrid-expedition/29391/ , http://jalopnik.com/range-rover-hybrid-driven-to-india-proves-its-the-bes-1445051409 , http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/land-r...ange-rover-hybrid-video-epic-india-expedition , http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/land-r...r-hybrid-video-epic-india-expedition/page/0/1 , http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/land-r...over-completes-worlds-first-hybrid-expedition , http://www.carsuk.net/range-rover-hybrid-silk-trail/ , http://www.topgear.com/india/car-news/range-rover-hybrid-on-a-silk-trail-from-uk-to-mumbai/itemid-50 , http://www.topgear.com/india/car-news/range-rover-hybrid-smooth-as-silk/itemid-86 , http://www.classicdriver.com/en/art...id-first-drive-silk-trail-prototype-shakedown , http://www.brit-car.co.uk/blog/2013...il-expedition-continues-on-its-way-to-mumbai/ , http://www.overlandtravel.org.uk/29.html , http://www.overlandtravel.org.uk/32.html , http://www.overlandtravel.org.uk/34.html , http://www.hybridcars.com/range-rover-hybrids-silk-trail-expedition-passed-berlin/ , http://ltd-licencetodrive.blogspot.it/2013/10/silk-trail-2013-land-rover-hybrid.html , http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk...-embark-on-gruelling-9300-silk-trail-journey/ , http://www.motor-cars.co.za/range-rover-hybrid-700-mile-review-in-india-auto-express/ , http://www.autovolt-magazine.com/2013/08/hybrid-range-rovers-battle-silk-trail-to-india/ , http://www.autovolt-magazine.com/2013/09/range-rover-hybrid-proves-its-worth-on-silk-trail-2013/ , http://www.autovolt-magazine.com/2013/09/range-rover-hybrids-reach-half-way-on-silk-trail-2013/ , http://www.autovolt-magazine.com/20...ids-climb-kyrgyzstan-mountains-on-silk-trail/ , http://www.autovolt-magazine.com/20...ybrid-range-rovers-soldier-on-the-silk-trail/ , http://www.autovolt-magazine.com/20...rids-finally-reach-the-end-of-the-silk-trail/ , http://www.nextgreencar.com/news/6326/Land-Rover-Hybrid-tested-on-drive-to-India , http://www.nextgreencar.com/news/6376/Land-Rover-hybrid-reaches-Mumbai-India , http://green.autoblog.com/2013/09/2...-getting-40-mpg-on-silk-road-challenge-drive/ , http://green.autoblog.com/photos/land-rover-silk-road-tour/#photo-1087238 , http://www.pistonheads.com/news/default.asp?storyId=28665.htm , http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/motoring/range-rover-hybrids-complete-silk-trail-picture-special , http://thenewisyou.wordpress.com/2013/10/03/hybrid-range-rovers-tackle-silk-trail/ , http://www.wheels24.co.za/News/Hybrid-Rovers-epic-Silk-Trail-trek-20130830 , http://www.wheels24.co.za/News/Hybrid-Rangies-sew-up-Silk-Trail-20131014 , http://www.topspeed.com/cars/land_rover/2015-land-rover-range-rover-sdv6-hybrid-ar160146.html , http://www.topspeed.com/cars/land_r...rover-sdv6-hybrid-ar160146/picture520395.html , http://automiddleeast.com/2013/08/3...rst-hybrid-models-take-on-silk-road-challenge , http://irishcarman.blogspot.it/2013/10/range-rover-hybrids-drive-through-nepal.html , http://earthtechling.com/2013/10/land-rover-hybrids-complete-silk-road-trek/ , http://www.sytner.co.uk/guy-salmon-...otypes-drive-through-nepal-towards-india.aspx , http://www.carscoops.com/2013/10/range-rover-hybrid-prototypes-complete.html , http://www.turbosandpistonz.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=1702 , http://www.team-bhp.com/forum/stree...ver-hybrids-trek-india-silk-trail-2013-a.html , http://www.nationwidevehiclecontracts.co.uk/blog/land-rover-silk-trail-2013-mission-complete/65133/ ,
http://www.motortrader.com.my/news/land-rover-silk-trail-expedition-2013/
, http://www.carwale.com/news/11339-l...the-2013-silk-trail-expedition-in-mumbai.html , http://www.trucktrend.com/features/...brid_testers_travel_10000_miles_on_silk_road/ , http://www.trucktrend.com/features/...iles_on_silk_road/photo_05.html?__federated=1 , http://www.brookwell.co.uk/hybrid-range-rovers-silk-trail/ , http://www.brookwell.co.uk/tag/range-rover-hybrid/ , http://www.brookwell.co.uk/tag/silk-trail-2013/ , http://www.brookwell.co.uk/tag/silk-trail/ , http://www.landrovergrip.com/tag/silk-trail/ , http://www.landrovergrip.com/range-rover-hybrids-launch-overland-trip-india/ , http://www.landrovergrip.com/range-rover-hybrids-reach-eastern-russia-going-gets-tougher/ , and http://www.landrovergrip.com/land-r...s-complete-10000-mile-silk-trail-trip-mumbai/ .


E. "Silk Trail" Coverage on ExPo


Landrover's "Silk Trail" Hybrid expedition was also discussed briefly right here on ExPo, at http://expeditionportal.com/land-rover-launches-new-range-rover-hybrid/ , http://expeditionportal.com/tag/journal/ , and http://expeditionportal.com/silk-road-expedition-2013-nears-the-finish/ . And it was suggested that an article about the trip will appear in a subsequent edition of the Overland Journal.

For an ExPo editorial article about Landrover's "Banner Year" for expeditions, see http://expeditionportal.com/land-roves-banner-year-of-expedition/ . It mentions many recent Landrover expeditions, including the Silk Trail with Hybrids -- see for instance http://poleofcold.com/about/ and http://www.landrover.com/us/en/lr/about-land-rover/land-rover-news/lr-expedition-america/ . But oddly enough, this ExPo editorial does not mention the one-millionth "Discovery" expedition, Birmingham to Beijing; nor does it not mention Landrover-Germany's "Silk Road Tour", Berlin to Mumbai, which like the Hybrid expedition also took place in 2013. This is a bit strange, given that Overland Journal/ExPo seems to have a close relationship to Landrover -- see for instance http://expeditionportal.com/overland-journal-releases-new-commercial-2/ .

Still, the recent Landrover expeditions covered in this sequence of posts further amplify the point made by the editorial: that the last few years have indeed been ambitious and successful ones for Landrover.


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



13. The Landrover Hybrid Expedition's Pioneering Route across Tibet: Chinese National Highway 219


************************************



Now the maps available on-line that trace the route taken by the Landrover "Silk Trail" Hybrid expedition are not that good. They are not detailed enough to give one a sense of how, exactly, the expedition crossed Tibet:


silk-trail1.jpg SilkTrail_Final_002_(70322).jpg Silk Trail Hybrid Expedition Route Map.jpg


As suggested earlier in the thread, we now live in an age of easy-to-use "race-tracking" and "route-tracking" software, standard in nautical circles for over a decade. So it is almost inexcusable that it should be so difficult to geographically visualize the route taken by the "Silk Trail" expedition with greater precision -- see http://fastnet.rorc.org/2013-fleet-tracking.html , http://fastnet.rorc.org/blog/race-information/tracking/index.html , http://www.volvooceanrace.com/en/racetracker/rdc.html , http://www.volvooceanrace.com/en/ports.html , http://www.volvooceanrace.com/en/race.html , http://caribbean600.rorc.org/2014-fleet-tracking.html , http://caribbean600.rorc.org/2013-fleet-tracking.html , http://caribbean600.rorc.org/blog/race-information/tracking/index.html , http://hackingfamily.com , http://hackingfamily.com/Cruise_Info/TrackFiles.htm , https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa...=5.115244,7.03125&z=7&source=embed&dg=feature , and https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa...=5.081762,7.03125&z=7&source=embed&dg=feature .

If the RORC Fastnet race, the Volvo Ocean Race, and the RORC Cariibbean 600 Race can track large fleets in detail, and make the data easily available on-line; or if the Hacking family can log the worldwide travels of their catamaran across open ocean, posting detailed tracks, then surely Landrover should have the manpower and technical ability required to log with precision the route taken by the "Silk Trail" Hybrid expedition, on a bunch of roads??? Is it only me who thinks it is somehow "sloppy" or "unprofessional" when major overland expeditions that are well-financed and technically advanced, do not automatically do this? For further discussion, see post # 245 at http://www.expeditionportal.com/for...pedition-RV-w-Rigid-Torsion-Free-Frame/page25 (standard ExPo pagination), and post #305 at http://www.expeditionportal.com/for...pedition-RV-w-Rigid-Torsion-Free-Frame/page31 .

Be that as it may, it is worth emphasizing the fact that the "Silk Trail" expedition did not take the easy route across the Tibetan plateau. It did not take the asphalt, paved China National Highway 109 that runs across the center of Tibet -- see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Highway_109 and http://www.tour-beijing.com/blog/ti...-driving-along-the-national-highway-no-109-2/ . The two Mercedes trips in 2011 and 2012 described in "High Altitude Heating" did in fact take this easier central route, as did the Landrover-Germany "Silk Road Tour" just described in previous posts.

Instead, the "Silk Trail" Hybrid expedition took the much more challenging Chinese National Highway 219 (the "G219"), which connects Xinjiang province with Tibet in the far west, along the border near India -- see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang . The G219 runs from Yecheng on the edge of the Taklamakan desert, all the way to Lhasa (2,743 km) or Lhatse (2086 km), depending on which web-article one is reading (;)) -- see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Highway_219 , http://www.tibetguru.com/tibet-transportation/xinjiang-tibet-highway.htm , http://www.tibettravel.org/tibet-overland-tour/xinjiang-tibet-highway.html , http://www.greatwalltravel.net/Tibet-Tour/Xinjiang-Tibet-Highway-Info.html , http://www.tibettour.com/tibet-travel-information/tips-for-driving-on-state-highway-g219.html , http://www.tibettour.org/how-to-get-to-tibet/travel-tibet-by-road/1092.html , http://www.tibettravelplanner.com/road-map-tibet.htm , http://www.tibettravelguides.com/Roads-in-Tibet.html , http://windhorsetour.com/tibet-culture/tibet-map-where-is-tibet , and https://www.google.com/maps/dir/37....034668,6z/data=!4m5!4m4!1m1!4e1!1m1!4e1?hl=fr :


G219_China.jpg.... tibet-road-map.jpg..... G219 Western Tibet.jpg
G210 satellite.jpg G219.jpg G219 Composite.jpg


The border with India is contested, and the G219 runs through the disputed region of Aksai Chin -- see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksai_Chin :


Kashmir_map_big.jpg


The Chinese built the G219 from 1951 to 1957, only letting the Indians know they had built the highway once it was completed. The disputed region of Aksai Chin was one of the triggers of the Sino-Indian war of 1962 -- see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_War :




For a complete YouTube playlist, see https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL25092F05928001C3 . No doubt the Chinese built the G219 to consolidate their territorial claim on Tibet, in a bid to create "facts on the ground". But this bid soured Sino-India relations for decades following -- see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China–India_relations .


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Most of the extreme-altitude portions of the G219 in the far west, above 5,000 m, are still unpaved. At its highest point the G219 reaches somewhere between 5,380 and 5,450 m above sea-level:


tibet-map.jpg


But the entire highway is passable, and the G219 is either the highest, or one of the highest, motorable roads in the world.

The Hybrid Range Rovers used on Landrover's "Silk Trail" expedition are the first non-Chinese vehicles to travel the full length of the G219 since it was first completed over 50 years ago, a pioneering achievement -- see for instance http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/news/2013/10/lr_rr_hybrid_silk_road_no6_031013/ , http://newsroom.jaguarlandrover.com/en-in/land-rover/images?ipid=68752&altTemplate=Image Pack , http://www.farnell.guiseley.landrov...ID-PROTOTYPES-BECOME-FIRST-FOREIGN-REGISTERED , http://www.overlandtravel.org.uk/34.html , http://landymag.co.za/land-rovers-silk-trail-expedition-reaches-destination/ , http://www.lro.com/news-reviews/2013/10/hybrids-on-high-in-tibet/ , http://www.sytner.co.uk/guy-salmon-...rive-on-chinas-xinjiang-to-tibet-highway.aspx , and http://www.automobilesreview.com/au...-completes-silk-trail-expedition-video/72460/ .

A bit of research reveals that the G219 has recently become popular with extreme-altitude cyclists. There are at least 10 blogs currently accessible on the web detailing trips by bicycle the full length of the G219. Yes, that's right, huffing and puffing the whole way at 15,000 - 17,900 feet, for 2000 + kilometers!

These blogs not only describe the road in detail, many are packed with beautiful pictures of extreme-altitude scenery en-route. See in particular http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eurasien/satellite-images.htm , http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eurasien/profil-yecheng-tibet-kathmandu.htm , http://www.betzgi.ch/en/route-info/western-tibet/xinjiang-tibet-hwy/allgemein/ , http://www.betzgi.ch/en/route-info/western-tibet/xinjiang-tibet-hwy/map/ , http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eur..._kunlun_shan_aufstieg_truckleuchtspuren.ht m , http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eur...a-xinjiang/27-29-xinjiang_kunlun_shan_tal.htm , http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eur...nlun_shan_aufstieg_strassenbau_schlucht .htm , http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eur.../27-39c-minox3-21-xinjiang_im_schneesturm.htm , http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eur...a-xinjiang/28-05-xinjiang_kunlun_shan_tal.htm , http://www.raize.ch/Reisen/velo-eur.../28-27-xinjiang_kunlun_shan_nach_xaidulla.htm , etc. etc. , https://www.google.com/maps/@32.501655,80.100546,8862m/data=!3m1!1e3 , https://www.google.com/maps/@33.385156,79.730122,2193m/data=!3m1!1e3 , and https://www.google.de/maps/@35.980307,79.191148,2126m/data=!3m1!1e3 ;...http://pedalglobal.net/view/touring/himalayacycling/4ktour/index.jsf?redirected=true , http://pedalglobal.net/view/touring/himalayacycling/4ktour/photogalleries.jsf , and http://pedalglobal.net/view/touring...eryName=4KTOUR_TIBET&pageNumber=0&ctryFilter= ;... http://www.mundubicyclette.be/info.php?lg=en&date=20050912 , http://www.mundubicyclette.be/itineraires.php?lg=en , http://www.mundubicyclette.be/lib/maps/06-himalaya.htm , http://www.mundubicyclette.be/photo.php?lg=en&date=20050912 ;.. http://www.mountainbike-expedition-team.de/Tibet/XinjiangTibetHwy.html , http://www.mountainbike-expedition-team.de/Tibet/acrosstibet05.html , http://www.tozekangri.de/e/bericht.html , http://www.mountainbike-expedition-team.de/Tibet/pics_xinjiang.html , http://www.panoramio.com/user/797488/tags/Xinjiang-Tibet Highway , http://www.tozekangri.de/e/offroad.html , http://www.tozekangri.de/e/offroad_info.html , http://www.panoramio.com/user/797488/tags/chang tang , http://www.panoramio.com/user/797488/tags/toze kangri , and http://www.panoramio.com/user/797488/tags/tagchagpuri ;... http://www.charliewalkerexplore.co.uk/blog/xinjiang-and-tibet-part-1-of-2 and http://www.charliewalkerexplore.co.uk/blog/xinjiang-and-tibet-part-2-of-2 ;... http://www.crazyguyonabike.com/doc/?o=1&doc_id=3033&v=U9 , http://www.crazyguyonabike.com/doc/page/?o=1&page_id=64841&v=DU , http://www.crazyguyonabike.com/doc/page/?o=1&page_id=64875&v=CM , etc. etc.;..http://www.goneforawhile.net/en/xinjiang-tibet-highway/ ;.. and http://www.tibettravel.org/tibet-travel-advice/cycling-in-tibet.html .

The following is a small "sampler" of photographs of cyclists on the G219; will post more later. Notice the readings on the altimeters....:)


5775502.jpg 5775516.jpg 73.jpg
31 copy.jpg china_xinjiang_5334m.jpg Tibet2005_digi0229.jpg
27-39c-minox3-21-xinjiang_im_schneesturm.jpg 28-24-xinjiang_nach_xaidullapass.jpg china_xinjiang_chiragsaldi_pass.jpg



And some videos of cyclists on the G-219:


[video=youtube;CRsZLD6Hu9c]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRsZLD6Hu9c [/video]
[video=youtube;_4RJ40qbSmI]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4RJ40qbSmI [/video] [video=youtube;KNn9b07JR_g]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNn9b07JR_g [/video] [video=youtube;jNkrT9o7HGM]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNkrT9o7HGM [/video]
[video=youtube;NZXwjdtnEE8]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZXwjdtnEE8 [/video] [video=vimeo;42671681]http://vimeo.com/42671681 [/video]



************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Western Tibet is thought to be the geographical origin of the "Bon" religion that preceded Buddhism, and hence, is seen as the cradle of Tibetan culture. Although much of the G219's route seems bleak and desolate, Western Tibet was the center of the Zhang Zhung kingdom in the first millennium A.D, and then the Guge Kingdom from the 10th century onwards, whose capitals were Tholing and Tsaparang. The latter are now ruins, but many of their splendid frescoes have miraculously survived. Seems like well-executed "Buon Fresco" can survive even the worst depredations of China's cultural revolutionaries.....:) See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibet , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Zhung_culture , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guge , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tholing , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaparang , http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/19/travel/echoes-of-a-fallen-kingdom.html , http://www.pbase.com/asianodyssey/guge , http://www.pbase.com/asianodyssey/image/83821930 , http://www.tibettravel.org/tibet-travel-guide/xiangxiong-kingdom.html , http://www.tibettravel.org/tibet-photos/tourist-attractions/relics-of-xiangxiong-kingdom.html , http://www.greenkiwi.co.nz/footprints/frames/gu_art.htm , and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buon_fresco .

The following are photographs of the ruins at Tsaparang:


1-1312161HP8.jpg 32-36-tibet_guge_ruinen_abend.jpg 800px-Tsaparang-ruins_of_ancient_capital_of_Guge_Kingdom_03.jpg


There's also a terrific G219 photogallery at https://www.flickr.com/photos/nalati_1/sets/72157602909120777/ , but none of the photos are downloadable.

By far the most exhaustively detailed photographic record of the G219 that I've been able to find online so far, is a sequence of pages that document the highway as travelled Lhasa to Ngari to Kashgar, in 2012: http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-1.html , http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-2.html , http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-3.html , http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-4.html , http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-5.html , http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-6.html , http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-7.html , and http://www.yaohua2000.org/2012/20120926/en-8.html .

For a good blog packed with pictures of Chinese motorcyclists driving Harley-Davidsons across Tibet, on a route that includes the G219, see http://www.harley-davidson-hangout....ng/99514-charity-riding-event-china-blog.html , http://www.harley-davidson-hangout..../99514-charity-riding-event-china-blog-2.html , http://www.harley-davidson-hangout..../99514-charity-riding-event-china-blog-3.html , http://www.harley-davidson-hangout..../99514-charity-riding-event-china-blog-4.html , etc. etc., and see http://www.harley-davidson-hangout.com/forum/hdrcgb-960926-post24.html for the G219 in particular. These motorcyclists travelled 40,000 km tracing much of the perimeter of China, and their official website is at http://blog.sina.com.cn/harleydavidson2012 . But it's in Chinese.

Here are two videos of the G219, the first rather poetic, the second quotidian, demonstrating the corrugation of many sections of the highway:


[video=vimeo;80452808]http://vimeo.com/80452808[/video]

The second is particularly relevant to this thread overall, because it shows smaller 4x4 SUVs passing large, 6x6 and 8x8 trucks on the G219. In other words, the G219 was built large enough and stable enough to handle such large vehicles, even though it's often just a dirt road.

The G219 is usually open, except when the snowfall is particularly heavy:


[video=dailymotion;xire0p]http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xire0p_xinjiang-tibet-highway-reopens_news[/video]



************************************


14. Landrover-Britain's "Silk Trail" Expedition, 2013: Professional Photography


************************************



What then follows below are some of the very beautiful photographs that the "Silk Trail" Hybrid expedition produced en-route. Like Landrover-Germany's "Silk Road Tour", Landrover-Britain's "Silk Trail" must have employed professional photographers, because the images are superb.

Brief Disclaimer: As per the "Silk Road Tour", I tried to arrange the images in sequence, to the best of my ability. Arranging the images of the "Silk Road Tour" was much easier, because the German blog-record is so extensive and detailed. Whereas arranging the images for the "Silk Trail" Hybrid expedition sometimes proved a challenge, because many images were lumped together in "image packs", packs that sometimes did not have clear descriptors. If some of my guesses as to sequence or geographic location turn out to be mistaken, my apologies in advance.

When crossing the Tibetan plateau, for instance, I surmised that the photographs of the Hybrids tackling dirt roads were taken earlier, when they were still on the G219. Whereas photographs of endless stretches of asphalt unfolding over vast Tibetan spaces seem to have been taken later, when the G219 and subsequent roads became paved. The bicycle blogs just mentioned were helpful, because they suggest that the G219 begins as a paved road near the Talkamakan desert; becomes a gravel road once it climbs the plateau in earnest; remains a gravel road as it heads south; and then becomes paved again when it swings east, heading towards Lhasa.


Leaving England.....


RR_Hybrid_Silk_Trail_Update1_280813_04_(68070).jpg SilkTrail_Final_001_(70321).jpg SilkTrail_Final_003_(70323).jpg
RR_Hybrid_Silk_Trail_Update1_280813_01_(68067).jpg RR_Hybrid_Silk_Trail_Update1_280813_02_(68068).jpg RR_Hybrid_Silk_Trail_Update1_280813_03_(68069).jpg



************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Across Europe, the Black Sea, Russia.....


RR_Hybrid_Silk_Trail_Update1_280813_09_(68075).jpg range-rover-sil-trail-004.jpg RR_Hybrid_Silk_Trail_Update1_280813_08_(68074).jpg
range-rover-sil-trail-005.jpg range-rover-sil-trail-008.jpg range-rover-sil-trail-014.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_3_110913_01_(68432).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_3_110913_10_(68442).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_3_110913_02_(68433).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_01_(68309).jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



The Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan, the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan.....


RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_3_110913_06_(68438).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_02.jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_19.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_04.jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_3_110913_13_(68445).jpg large19.jpg
SilkTrail_Final_004_(70324).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_04.jpg range-rover-sil-trail-016.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_3_110913_04.jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



The Walls of Khiva, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan


RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_03_(68311).jpg range-rover-sil-trail-017.jpg large3.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_08_(68316).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_03_(68472).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_05_(68474).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_04_(68473).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_12_(68481).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_02_(68471).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_11_(68480).jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************


Kyrgyzstan, the Switzerland of Central Asia



RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_18_(68486).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_17_(68325).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_22_(68489).jpg
20131014094327_range-rover-sil-trail-023.jpg large21.jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_06_(68475).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_15_(68484).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_19.jpg
SilkTrail_Final_008_(70328).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_10_(68479).jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Kyrgyzstan, then China


large30.jpg large32.jpg large24.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_12_(68320).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_23_(68490).jpg large34.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_3_110913_11_(68443).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_07_(68315).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_13_(68482).jpg
large5.jpg



************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer

CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Taklamakan


RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_25_(68492).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_05_(68313).jpg SilkTrail_D34_017.jpg
SilkTrail_D34_008.jpg large48.jpg large49.jpg
large33.jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_20_(68488).jpg. large58.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_02_(68310).jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Climbing the Tibetan Plateau


large43.jpg large51.jpg SilkTrail_D34_041.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_01_(68735).jpg SilkTrail_D34_020.jpg SilkTrail_D34_039.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_10.jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_09_(68317).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_11.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_19_(68487).jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Crossing Tibet with the G219


RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_16_(68324).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_07_(68476).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_12_(68746).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_14_(68483).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_4_180913_14_(68322).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_5_250913_16_(68485).jpg SilkTrail_Final_011_(70331).jpg large56.jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_07_(68741).jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

biotect

Designer
.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS POST

************************************



Crossing Tibet's vast spaces



RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_08_(68742).jpg SilkTrail_Final_009_(70329).jpg SilkTrail_Final_013_(70333).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_10_(68744).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_05_(68739).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_06_(68740).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_04_(68738).jpg SilkTrail_Final_014_(70334).jpg RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_03_(68737).jpg
RR_Silk_Trail_2013_Update_6_011013_13_(68747).jpg


************************************

CONTINUED IN NEXT POST
.
 
Last edited:

Forum statistics

Threads
188,392
Messages
2,906,578
Members
230,176
Latest member
Arcadia1415
Top